UJI AKTIVITAS ANALGETIKA EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) TERHADAP MENCIT SWISS WEBSTER JANTAN

Cici Delisma, Sri Peni Fitrianingsih, Suwendar Suwendar

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Nyeri merupakan persepsi sensorik mengganggu yang dapat ditangani dengan analgetika. Daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati nyeri seperti sakit gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan aktivitas analgetika ekstrak n-heksana daun afrika dengan 2 metode pengujian dan menentukan dosis efektifnya. Metode Tail Flick Test untuk menguji aktivitas analgetika sentral dan metode Writhing Test untuk menguji aktivitas analgetika perifer. Mencit dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol yang diberi CMC Na, kelompok uji yang diberi ekstrak n-heksana daun afrika dosis 100, 200 dan 400 mg/kg BB serta kelompok pembanding yang diberi tramadol (metode Tail Flick Test) dan aspirin (metode Writhing Test). Analisis data dilakukan dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan LSD pada taraf kepercayaan 95% (p ≤ 0,05). Pada metode Tail Flick Test mencit diinduksi nyeri dengan panas suhu 50±2oC dan parameter yang diamati adalah total waktu yang dibutuhkan mencit untuk menjentikkan ekor. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dengan dosis 400 mg/kg BB secara signifikan memperpanjang waktu mencit menjentikkan ekor dibandingkan terhadap kontrol (p=0,006), tetapi aktivitasnya tidak sebanding dengan tramadol dosis 6,5 mg/kg BB (p=0,000). Pada metode Writhing Test mencit diinduksi nyeri dengan asam asetat 0,6%(v/v) dan parameter yang diamati adalah total geliat mencit selama pengamatan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dengan dosis 100, 200 dan 400 mg/kg BB secara signifikan menurunkan total geliat mencit dibandingkan terhadap kontrol (p=0,000), dengan nilai persen efektivitas sebesar 32,01%, 51,60% dan 82,41% yang lebih lemah dibandingkan aspirin dosis 65 mg/kg BB dengan persen efektivitas 100%.

Kata kunci:  Daun afrika, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, analgetika, Tail Flick Test, Writhing Test.

 

ABSTRACT

Pain is a disturbing sensory perception that can be treated with analgesics. Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) has traditionally noun to treat pain such as toothache. This study aims to evaluate the analgesic activity of n-hexane extract of bitter leaf with 2 testing methods and determine the effective dose. The first method to test central analgesic activity is Tail Flick Test method and the second method is Writhing Test method to test peripheral analgesic activity. The test was done on mice were divided into 5 groups. The control group that was administered to CMC Na, the test group was administered n-hexane extract of bitter leaf dose 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW and the comparable group was administered tramadol (for Tail Flick Test method) and aspirin (for Writhing Test method). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test, followed by LSD test at 95% confidence level (p ≤ 0,05). In the Tail Flick Test method, the mice were induced by pain by heat at 50 ± 2℃ and the observed parameters were the total time required of the mice to flick the tail. The results showed that the extract at dose 400 mg/kg BW significantly prolonged the mice's flicking time compared to the control (p=0,006), but the activity was not comparable with tramadol dose of 6,5 mg/kg BW (p=0,000). In the Writhing Test method, the mice were induced by pain by acetic acid 0,6%(v/v) and the observed parameters were the total writhing of mice. The results showed that extracts with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW significantly decrease the total writhing of mice compared to control (p=0,000), with the effectivity percentage of 32,01%, 51,60% and 82,41% which are weaker than 65 mg/kg BW dose aspirin effectivity percentage 100%.

Keywords:  Bitter leaf, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, analgesics, Tail Flick Test, Writhing Test.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v1i1.3109

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