Karakteristik Pasien dan Spesies Dermatofita Penyebab Tinea Kruris di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Gunung Jati Cirebon Jawa Barat

Abstract

Tinea kruris merupakan salah satu dermatofitosis tersering di dunia, terutama di negara berkembang dan beriklim tropis. Prevalensi dermatofitosis dan spesies penyebabnya bervariasi bergantung pada letak geografis dan berubah dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian aspek epidemiologis dan spesies penyebab penyakit diperlukan untuk menentukan masalah kesehatan yang dihadapi, termasuk karakteristik umum, durasi penyakit, sumber penularan, lokasi penyakit pada tubuh, efloresensi, dan kultur spesies Dermatofita. Prevalensi tinea kruris di Provinsi Jawa Barat belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik pasien dan spesies Dermatofita di RSUD Gunung Jati Cirebon sehingga dapat melengkapi data pola tinea kruris di Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Gunung Jati Cirebon periode Februari–April 2014. Rancangan penelitian adalah deskriptif potong lintang dengan pengambilan sampel sesuai urutan kedatangan pasien. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien tinea kruris di Poliklinik tersebut. Terhadap seluruh subjek dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, dan pengambilan sampel kerokan kulit lesi untuk pemeriksaan mikroskopis langsung dan kultur jamur sehingga didapatkan 37 pasien koloni jamur positif. Pasien tinea kruris mayoritas pada wanita (24/37 pasien), usia tersering 15–44 tahun (22/37 pasien), pendidikan SD/SMP (22/37 pasien), ibu rumah tangga (9/37 pasien), gizi cukup (23/37 pasien), durasi penyakit 2 minggu–6 bulan, pertama kali terkena (30/37 pasien), disertai gatal dan berkeringat. Sumber penularan tidak diketahui (25/37 pasien), kebanyakan central clearing (19/37 pasien) dan pada lipat paha/bokong berupa makula, papula, skuama, dan hiperpigmentasi (11/37 pasien). Spesies Dermatofita penyebab tinea kruris yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Trichophyton rubrum (28/37 pasien), diikuti dengan Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9/37 pasien).

PATIENT'S CHARACTERISTIC AND DERMATOPHYTES SPECIES CAUSING TINEA CRURIS AT GUNUNG JATI GENERAL HOSPITAL CIREBON WEST JAVA

Tinea cruris is one of the most common dermatophytosis in the world, especially in developing countries and area with warm climates. The prevalence of dermatophytosis and their etiological agents vary with geographical location and change from time to time. Study epidemiological aspects of diseases and causative agents are useful for determining the magnitude of the health problem, including general characteristics, duration of disease, source of infection, location at the body, efflorescence, and culture of Dermatophytes species. The prevalence of dermatophytosis, especially tinea cruris in West Java is unknown. The objective of this study was to know the patient's characteristic and to determine the species causing dermatophytes in Gunung Jati General Hospital Cirebon, to complete the data patterns of dermatophyte species causing tinea cruris in West Java. The study was conducted at the Dermatovenereology Clinic Gunung Jati General Hospital, Cirebon during February–April 2014. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling methods. The subjects of this study were tinea cruris patients who visited the clinic. History taking, physical examination, sampling of skin scrapings from lesion were performed in all patients. Skin scrapings was taken for direct microscopic examination and fungal cultures until 37 patients with positive fungal colonies was achieved. There were most commonly found in female (24/37 patients), age 15–44 years (22/37 patients), elementary school graduated (22/37 patients), housewives (9/37 patients), normal nutritional status (23/37 patients), duration of illness 2 weeks–6 months, first time exposured (30/37 patients), with complaints of itching and sweating. The source of the infection was unknown (25/37 patients), the most common locations was central clearing (19/37 patients) and also groin and buttocks with the most common efflorescence were macula, papules, squamma, and hyperpigmented scaly patches (11/37 patients). The most commonly isolated dermatophytes were Trichophyton rubrum (28/37 patients), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9/37 patients).