Kesiapan Masyarakat dalam Melaksanakan dan Memanfaatkan Posyandu Penyakit Tidak Menular di Desa Cilayung dan Cipacing, Kecamatan Jatinangor

Abstract

Pengendalian hipertensi dan penyakit tidak menular (PTM) memerlukan kerja sama pasien karena pilar utama pengendalian PTM adalah pengetahuan penderita dan kepatuhan dalam menjalankan upaya pengendaliannya. Sampai saat ini pemberian edukasi di sarana kesehatan tidak efektif sehingga diperlukan upaya lain seperti kelompok dukungan pasien dan peningkatan kemampuan masyarakat. Pos pelayanan terpadu (posyandu) PTM merupakan salah satu alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali kesiapan kader posyandu dan pasien hipertensi mengenai kemungkinan pelaksanaan posyandu khusus PTM. Telah dilakukan diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT) terhadap dua kelompok (kader dan penderita) di Desa Cilayung dan Cipacing serta 1 (satu) sesi wawancara mendalam terhadap Kepala Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinangor, Sumedang pada Maret–April 2017 dengan tingkat partisipasi peserta cukup baik. Keempat kelompok menyatakan kebutuhan terhadap posyandu PTM dengan aktivitas selain pemantauan tekanan darah dan berat badan yang dibutuhkan adalah penyuluhan mengenai perbaikan gaya hidup dan kepatuhan berobat. Kader Desa Cipacing siap melaksanakan penyuluhan jika telah mendapat pelatihan, tetapi kader Desa Cilayung menginginkan penyuluh dari luar lingkungan mereka. Terdapat kebutuhan kemudahan mendapatkan obat karena pengambilan obat di puskesmas dirasakan membutuhkan biaya transportasi yang cukup tinggi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat dan kader merasakan kebutuhan terhadap posyandu PTM, tetapi kesiapan mereka berbeda-beda.

COMMUNITY READINESS TO RUN AND UTILIZE INTEGRATED HEALTH POST FOR NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE IN CILAYUNG AND CIPACING VILLAGES, JATINANGOR

The main pilars of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) management are patient’s awareness, knowledge and compliance. At present, education by health provider in health facilities has been proven to be not effective that other measures such as patient support group and community empowerement are needed. The options is through integrated health post (posyandu) for NCD. The aim of this research was to explore the readiness of the community to run and utilize such post. Four sessions of focus group discussions with two groups of health cadres and two groups of people with high blood pressure in Cilayung and Cipacing villages and 1 (one) session of indepth interview towards the Head of Public Health Center (Puskesmas) at Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia were held on March–April 2017 with high participations. Each group expresses the needs of patient support group and community empowerement through regular integrated health post for NCDs. Schedulled screening and mass education especially for life style modification and drug used are urgent. Health cadres of urban community are ready to lead the activities, while those from rural area ask for formal educators. Drug dispensing at public health center is favourable due to expensive transportation to primary health care. In conclusion, communities in Jatinangor need integrated health post for NCD to assist them to manage their blood pressure and other NCDs although their readinesses were vary.