The Development of Germicidal Air Purifier by Employing Ultraviolet System in Controlling Airborne Bacteria

Nur Atik, Siska Widya Dewi Kusumah, Fitria Mahrunnisa, Winni Maharani, Windi Nurdiawan, Putu Indra Cyntia Dewi, Erda Avriyanti, Dede Suhendi

Abstract


The nosocomial infection could be acquired through airborne disease in the hospital. However, only a particular health center in Indonesia carried out a complete, cautious prevention procedure by utilizing air purifiers due to cost problems. Thus, to minimize the number of nosocomial infections related to bacterial air pollutants, excellent tools with low cost are required to address this problem. We developed an ultraviolet light system within the air purifier at a low cost and the best way to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms in the healthcare center. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung in 2009–2010. The room prototype was built from a transparent glass material with two holes at the upper corner as an inlet and outlet pipeline canal. In the middle of the pipeline circulation, a vacuum pump, ultraviolet system, and a cooler were installed so the air will initially flow through those devices before being re-circulated into the room through the pipeline's inlet hole. A fan was set on the room floor, and several ten-centimeter apart, Petri dishes containing microbial growth medium were placed. The microbial colonies from the room with and without the installed ultraviolet system in the air purifier were then compared for analysis. The result showed that an air purifier equipped with an ultraviolet system killed microorganisms 73% more effective than the air purifier without an ultraviolet system (p<0.05). In conclusion, employing an ultraviolet system within the air purifier might be effectively killed microorganisms and ultimately reduce nosocomial infection.

 

PENGEMBANGAN AIR PURIFIER RUANGAN DENGAN PEMANFAATAN SINAR ULTRAVIOLET UNTUK MEMBUNUH MIKROB BAWAAN UDARA

Infeksi nosokomial dapat ditularkan melalui penyakit yang ditularkan melalui udara di rumah sakit. Namun, hanya rumah sakit atau pelayanan kesehatan tertentu di Indonesia yang melakukan prosedur pencegahan infeksi nosokomial secara optimal dengan memanfaatkan air purifier karena kendala biaya. Oleh sebab itu, untuk meminimalkan jumlah infeksi nosokomial yang terkait dengan bakteri pencemar udara diperlukan pengembangan air purifier yang baik dengan biaya yang murah. Kami telah mengembangkan sistem pembersih udara yang terintegrasi sinar ultraviolet dengan biaya rendah untuk mengurangi mikroorganisme patogen di ruang pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung pada tahun 2009–2010. Prototipe ruangan dibuat dari bahan kaca transparan dengan dua lubang di sudut atas sebagai ruang instalasi pipa saluran masuk dan keluar. Pada bagian tengah sirkulasi pipa dipasang pompa vakum, sistem ultraviolet, dan pendingin sehingga udara akan mengalir melewati alat-alat tersebut sebelum disirkulasikan kembali ke dalam ruangan melalui lubang masuk pipa. Sebuah kipas dipasang pada prototipe ruangan dan setiap jarak sepuluh sentimeter ditempatkan cawan Petri yang berisi media pertumbuhan mikrob. Koloni mikrob dari ruangan model dengan dan tanpa sistem ultraviolet yang terpasang di air purifier, kemudian dibandingkan untuk dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air purifier yang dilengkapi sistem ultraviolet membunuh mikroorganisme 73% lebih efektif daripada air purifier tanpa sistem ultraviolet (p<0,05). Simpulan, penggunaan sistem ultraviolet dalam air purifier efektif membunuh mikroorganisme dan pada akhirnya dapat mengurangi infeksi nosokomial.


Keywords


Air purifier; infeksi nosokomial; nosocomial infection; sistem ultraviolet; ultraviolet system

Full Text:

PDF

References


Khan HA, Ahmad A, Mehboob R. Nosocomial infections and their control strategies. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(7):509–14.

Khan HA, Baig FK, Mehboob R. Nosocomial infections: epidemiology, prevention, control and surveillance. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2017;7(5):478–82.

Tabatabaei SM, Behmanesh Pour F, Osmani S. Epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections and related anti-microbial resistance patterns in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Int J Infect. 2015;2(4):e29079.

Joseph A. The impact of the environment on infections in healthcare facilities [Internet]. Concord: The Center for Health Design; 2006 July [cited 2020 July 1]. Available from: https://www.healthdesign.org/system/files/Joseph_The_Impact_of_Environment_2006.pdf.

Mehta Y, Gupta A, Todi S, Myatra S, Samaddar DP, Patil V, et al. Guidelines for prevention of hospital acquired infections. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18(3):149–63.

Murni I, Duke T, Triasih R, Kinney S, Daley AJ, Soenarto Y. Prevention of nosocomial infections in developing countries, a systematic review. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2013;33(2):61–78.

Pratt RJ, Pellowe C, Loveday HP, Robinson N, Smith GW, Barrett S, et al. The epic project: developing national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare associated infections. Phase I: guidelines for preventing hospital-acquired infections. J Hosp Infect. 2001;47(Suppl):S3–82.

Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L; Health Care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2007 guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in health care settings. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35(10 Suppl 2):S65–164.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Environmental cleaning for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) [Internet]. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2014 August 25 [cited 2020 August 5]. Available from: https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/healthcare-infections/research-protocol.

Heidarinejad M, Srebric J. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of UR-UVGI lamp effectiveness to promote disinfection of airborne microorganisms. World Rev Sci Technol Sustain Dev. 2013;10(1/2/3):78–95.

Nardell E, Vincent R, Sliney DH. Upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for air disinfection: a symposium in print. Photochem Photobiol. 2013;89(4):764–9.

Jinadatha C, Quezada R, Huber TW, Williams JB, Zeber JE, Copeland LA. Evaluation of a pulsed-xenon ultraviolet room disinfection device for impact on contamination levels of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:187.

El-Batal AI, Mosalam FM, Ghorab MM, Hanora A, Elbarbary AM. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of zinc nanoparticles prepared by natural polysaccharides and gamma radiation. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018;107(Pt B):2298–311.

Bolashikov ZD, Melikov AK. Methods for air cleaning and protection of building occupants from airborne pathogens. Build Environ. 2009;44(7):1378–85.

Memarzadeh F, Olmsted RN, Bartley JM. Applications of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation disinfection in health care facilities: effective adjunct, but not stand-alone technology. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38(5 Suppl 1):S13–24.

Mulvey D, Redding P, Robertson C, Woodall C, Kingsmore P, Bedwell D, et al. Finding a benchmark for monitoring hospital cleanliness. J Hosp Infect. 2011;77(1):25–30.

Sherlock O, O’Connell N, Creamer E, Humphreys H. Is it really clean? An evaluation of the efficacy of four methods for determining hospital cleanliness. J Hosp Infect. 2009;72(2):140–6.

Green CF, Scarpino PV. The use of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) in disinfection of airborne bacteria. Environ Eng Policy. 2001;3(1):101–7.

Dancer SJ. Controlling hospital-acquired infection: focus on the role of the environment and new technologies for decontamination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27(4):665–90.

Christina N, Ioanna P, George L, Konstantinos T, Georgios A. Risk factors for nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Health Sci J. 2015;9(2):9.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v8i3.6580

pISSN 2301-9123 | eISSN 2460-5441


Visitor since 19 October 2016: 


Free counters!


Global Medical and Health Communication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.