Hubungan Preeklamsi Berat dengan Hasil Luaran Janin (Fetal Outcome) di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung

Abstract

Preeklamsi merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas pada ibu dan neonatus. Beberapa keadaan hasil luaran janin pada ibu preeklamsi di antaranya small for gestasional age (SGA), asifiksia, prematuritas, dan stillbirth. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan preeklamsi berat dengan hasil luaran janin (fetal outcome) di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung periode 1 Januari 2012–31 Maret 2014. Penelitian menggunakan metode rancangan deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penentuan jumlah subjek penelitian didapatkan dari jumlah populasi sebanyak 137 orang. Analisis statistik dilakukan secara bivariat dengan menggunakan metode chi-kuadrat derajat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan hasil luaran janin dari ibu preeklamsi berat sebesar 33 kasus (24,1%) SGA, 73 kasus (53,3%) asfiksia ringan-sedang dan 13 kasus (9,5%) asfiksia berat pada APGAR menit pertama, 18 kasus (13,1%) lahir prematur, serta 1 kasus (0,7%) stillbirth. Terdapat hubungan preeklamsi berat dengan SGA (p=0,001; PR=6,928; 95% IK=2,797–17,162), asfiksia ringan-sedang APGAR 1 menit (p=0,001; PR=2,483; 95% IK=1,504–4,100), asfiksia berat APGAR 1 menit (p=0,001; PR=7,222; 95% IK=1,963–26,567), prematuritas (p=0,010; PR=3,303; 95% IK=1,269–8,597). Simpulan, terdapat hubungan preeklamsi berat dengan variabel hasil luaran janin yakni SGA, asfiksia ringan-sedang dan berat APGAR 1 menit, serta prematuritas.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA AND FETAL OUTCOMES IN RSUD AL-IHSAN BANDUNG

Preeclampsia is one of the causes of maternal-neonates morbidity and mortality. Several conditions of fetal outcomes in women with preeclampsia including small for gestasional age (SGA), asphyxia, prematurity and stillbirth. This study aims was to analyze the relationship between severe preeclampsia with fetal outcome in Al-Ihsan Hospital Bandung District period 1 January 2012−31 March 2014. The study used descriptive analytic design and cross-sectional method. Research subjects’ number obtained from a total population of 137 patients. Statistical analysis was performed with bivariat uses chi-square method with  95% confident interval. The result of this study showed that fetal outcomes of woman with severe preeclampsia were 33 cases (24.1%) SGA, 73 cases (53.3%) mild-moderate asphyxia and 13 cases (9.5%) severe asphyxia on APGAR 1 minute, 18 cases (13.1%) were born prematurely, and 1 case (0.7%) stillbirth. There were relation between severe preeclampsia and SGA (p=0.001, PR=6.928, 95% CI=2.797 to 17.162), mild-moderate asphyxia APGAR 1 minute (p=0.001, PR=2.483, 95% CI=1.504 to 4.100), severe asphyxia APGAR 1 minute (p=0.001, PR=7.222 95% CI=1.963 to 26.567) and prematurity (p=0.010, PR=3.303, 95% CI=1.269 to 8.597). In conclusions, there are a relationship between severe preeclampsia and fetal outcomes in terms of SGA, mild-moderate and severe asphyxia APGAR 1 minute and prematurity.