Gambaran dan Derajat Disfungsi Sendi Temporomandibula pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung Tahun Akademik 2013–2014
Abstract
Disfungsi sendi temporomandibula merupakan kelainan yang melibatkan sendi temoromandibula, otot-otot pengunyahan, dan berbagai struktur jaringan yang bersangkutan, ditandai dengan gejala utama berupa nyeri pada otot-otot pengunyahan dari sendi temporomandibula, suara sendi seperti clicking (keletuk sendi) dan krepitasi, serta keterbatasan dan deviasi pergerakan rahang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan derajat disfungsi sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa FK Unisba tahun akademik 2013–2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pemilihan subjek secara simple random sampling periode April–Juli 2014, didapatkan jumlah sampel sebesar 70 orang. Penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil kuesioner dan pemeriksaan fisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian disfungsi sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa FK Unisba tahun akademik 2013–2014 adalah 61%. Derajat ringan 49%, derajat sedang 8%, dan derajat berat 4%. Gambaran manifestasi klinis untuk bunyi sendi 61%, nyeri mengunyah 6%, nyeri membuka mulut 7%, dan trismus 4%. Kebiasan buruk terjadi pada 46%, pola pengunyahan 37%, dan maloklusi 29%. Angka kejadian disfungsi sendi temporomandibula pada mahasiswa FK Unisba tahun akademik 2013–2014 sebesar 61%, manifestasi klinis berupa clicking yang disebabkan oleh pola pengunyahan satu sisi.
DESCRIPTION AND DEGREE OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITAS ISLAM BANDUNG ACADEMIC YEAR 2013–2014
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is a disorder that involves temporomandibula joints, muscles of mastication, and a range of relevant network structures, characterized by major symptoms of pain in the masticatory muscles of the temporomandibular joint, the joint sound like clicking and crepitation, and limitations and deviation of the jaw movement. This study aimed to determine the description and degrees of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in medical students of Unisba academic year 2013–2014. This study used a descriptive method and the selection of subjects by simple random sampling in April–July 2014. The number of samples need 70 participants. This research was obtained from the questionnaire and physical examination. The results showed that the incidence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in medical students in Unisba academic year 2013–2014 was 61%, with 49% mild degree, 8% moderate degree and 4% severe degree. Overview of the clinical manifestations were 61% for joints sound, chewing pain 6%, open mouth pain 7%, and trismus 4%. Description cause of parafunctional habit was 46%, mastication patterns 37%, and malocclusion 29%. In conclusions, incidence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in medical students of Unisba academic year 2013–2014 is 61% with mild degree, clicking is clinical manifestation caused by one-side mastication patterns.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v3i1.1540
pISSN 2301-9123 | eISSN 2460-5441
Visitor since 19 October 2016:
Global Medical and Health Communication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.