Merokok dan Penuaan Dini berupa Wrinkles Seputar Wajah Sekuriti Universitas Islam Bandung
Abstract
Penuaan dini (PD) adalah proses degeneratif yang melibatkan kulit dan sistem penyokong kulit meliputi tulang, kartilago dan jaringan subkutaneus, berupa perubahan stuktural dan elastilitas kulit yang ditandai dengan wrinkles/kerutan kulit (fine wrinkles, coarse wrinkles), kulit yang kasar, kulit kering, teleangiaektasi, lesi kanker, serta perubahan pigmentasi. Wrinkles adalah permukaan kulit yang mengalami lekukan, dipengaruhi oleh faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Faktor ekstrinsik berasal dari lingkungan paparan sinar matahari, polusi udara, rokok, pergerakan otot yang berulang terkait ekspresi wajah, serta kebiasaan gaya hidup yang berhubungan dengan pola makan dan posisi tidur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah apakah merokok sebagai faktor ekstrinsik berefek pada kejadian penuaan dini berupa wrinkles di seputar wajah, yaitu sekitar mata, nasolabial fold, dan bibir pada sekuriti Universitas Islam Bandung (Unisba) usia 20–40 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan metode potong lintang. Subjek penelitian adalah pegawai Unisba, yaitu sekuriti berusia 20–40 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan jumlah 68 orang selama periode Maret–Juni 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan formulir penelitian yang terdiri atas 16 pertanyaan. Uji analisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian berupa wrinkles di dahi (p=0,272), seputar mata (p=0,203), nasolabial fold (p=0,493), dan bibir (0,493) menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan merokok dengan penuaan dini berupa wrinkles di dahi, seputar mata, nasolabial fold, dan bibir (p>0,05). Simpulan, merokok tidak berefek pada penuaan dini berupa wrinkles di dahi, seputar mata, nasolabial fold, dan bibir pada sekuriti Unisba usia 20–40 tahun.
SMOKING AND PREMATURE AGING IN FORM OF FACIAL WRINKLES ON UNIVERSITAS ISLAM BANDUNG SECURITY STAFF
Premature aging is a degenerative process that involves the skin and the skin support systems including the bone, cartilage, and subcutaneous compartments which is skin structural and elastic change characterized such as wrinkles (fine wrinkles, coarse wrinkles), rough skin, dry skin, teleangiaectasia, cancerous lesions, and changes in pigmentation. Wrinkles are curvature of skin surface. There are two factors influence, namely intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors associated with exposure to sunlight, air pollution, smoking, repetitive muscle movements, diet and sleep position. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of smoking as external factor in the incidence of premature aging such as wrinkles based on area around the face as forehead, around eyes, nasolabial fold, and lips of 68 Universitas Islam Bandung (Unisba) security staff around 20–40 years old. This study was descriptive analytic using cross sectional method during period March to June 2015. This study used the form in the form consisted of 16 questions. Analyzed test using chi-square method. The result related to wrinkles in forehead was (p=0.272), around eyes (p=0.203), nasolabial fold (p=0.493) and lips (0.493). The result showed that there was no significant relation between smoking and premature aging such as wrinkles on forehead and wrinkles around crows feet, nasolabial fold and lip (p>0.05). In conclusion, smoking has no relation with premature aging such as wrinkles on forehead and wrinkles around the lips, crows feet, nasolabial fold of Unisba security staff aged 20–40 years old.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Helfrich YR, Sachs DL, Voorhees JJ. Overview of skin aging and photoaging. Dermatol Nurs. 2008;20(3):177–83.
Sveikata K, Balciuniene I, Tutkuviene J. Factor influencing face aging. Literature review. Stomatologija. 2011;13(4):113–6.
Sjerobabski-Masnec I, Situm M. Skin aging. Acta Clin Croat. 2010;49(4):515–8.
Farage MA, Miller KW, Elsner P, Maibach HI. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2007;30(2):87–95.
Piérard GE, Uhoda I, Piérard-Franchimont C. From skin microrelief to wrinkle. An area ripe for investigation. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2003;2(1):21–8.
Okada HC, Alleyne B, Varghai K, Kinder K, Guyuron B. Facial changes caused by smoking: a comparison between smoking and nonsmoking identical twins. Plast Reconstr Surg J. 2013;132(5):1085–92.
Schroeder P, Schieke SM, Morita A. Premature skin aging by infrared radiation, tobacco smoke and ozone. Dalam: Gilchrest BA, Krutmann J, penyunting. Skin aging. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2006. hlm. 45–53.
Drakaki E , Dessinioti C, Antoniou CV. Air pollution and the skin. Front Environ Sci. 2014;2:Article 11.
Muizzuddin N, Marenus K, Vallon P, Maes D. Effect of cigarette smoke on skin. J Soc Cosmet Chem. 1997;48(5):235–42.
Seitz CM, Strack RW, Wyrick DL. Cigarette smoking and facial wrinkles: a review of the literature. J Smok Cessat. 2012;7(1):18–24.
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2003 tentang Pengamanan Rokok Bagi Kesehatan.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v5i2.2066
pISSN 2301-9123 | eISSN 2460-5441
Visitor since 19 October 2016:
Global Medical and Health Communication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.