SMEs’ Strategies for Improving Financial Performance Through Competitive Advantages

Arik Susbiyani, Ari Sita Nastiti, Animah Animah

Abstract


This study aims to examine the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation on competitive advantage and the impact of competitive advantage on the performance of SMEs. Furthermore, this study will also examine the indirect influence of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation variables on financial performance through competitive advantage. This is quantitative research using a survey method. The respondents are SMEs owners in the field of cultivation industry in Jember regency, Indonesia. This study uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) as a data analysis technique, which is assisted by Warp PLS software. Statistical results show that entrepreneurial orientation and innovation have a direct effect on competitive advantage. Other results show that there is a direct effect of competitive advantage on financial performance. A company is said to have a competitive advantage if it can outperform other companies to create higher economic value. The results of the indirect effect test show that entrepreneurial orientation also has an indirect effect on financial performance through competitive advantage. Furthermore, the results of this study also prove that innovation affects financial performance through competitive advantage.


Keywords


entrepreneurial orientation, competitive advantage, financial performance. tation, innovation, competitive advantage, financial performance

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahimbisibwe, G., & Abaho, E. (2015). Export Entrepreneurial Orientation and Export Performance of SMEs in Uganda. Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Study, 1(2), 1.

Arshad, A. S., Rasli, A., Arshad, A. A., & Zain, Z. M. (2014). The impact of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance: A study of technologybased SMEs in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 46–53.

Arsyad, L. (1999). Metodologi Penelitian untuk ekonomi dan bisnis. UPP AMP YKPN.

Atalay, M., Anafarta, N., & Sarvan, F. (2013). The relationship between innovation and firm performance: An empirical evidence from Turkish automotive supplier industry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 226–235.

Barney, J. B., & Clark, D. N. (2007). Resourcebased theory: Creating and sustaining competitive advantage. Oxford University Press on Demand.

Baron, R. A., & Markman, G. D. (2003). Beyond social capital: The role of entrepreneurs’ social competence in their financial success. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 41–60.

Basri, G., & Gitosudarmo, I. (2002). Manajemen Keuangan. BPE.

Birley, S., & Westhead, P. (1993). New Venture Environment: The Owner-manager View’. Entrepreneurship Research Global Perspective. Amsterdam. Elsevier

Chen, Y.-S., Lin, M.-J. J., & Chang, C.-H. (2009). The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(2), 152–158.

Cho, Y. H., & Lee, J.-H. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial education and performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/ apjie-05-2018-0028.

Cooper, R. G. (2000). Product innovation and technology strategy. ResearchTechnology Management, 43(1), 38–41.

David, F. R. (2011). Strategic Management: ConcePT (12th Edtiton). New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education Inc.

Day, G. S., & Wensley, R. (1988). Assessing advantage: a framework for diagnosing competitive superiority. Journal of Marketing, 52(2), 1–20.

Ellitan, L. (2006). Strategi inovasi dan kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia: pendekatan model simultan dan model sekuensial. Jurnal Manajemen Maranatha, 6(1), 1–22.

Fairoz, F. M., Hirobumi, T., & Tanaka, Y. (2010). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises of Hambantota District Sri Lanka. Asian Social Science, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass. v6n3p34.

Ferdinand, A. (2006). Metode penelitian manajemen. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Ferreira, J., Coelho, A., & Moutinho, L. (2020). Dynamic capabilities, creativity and innovation capability and their impact on competitive advantage and firm performance: The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Technovation, 92–93(February 2017), 102061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. technovation.2018.11.004.

Frank, H., Kessler, A., & Fink, M. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance—a replication study. Schmalenbach Business Review, 62(2), 175–198.

Freeman, C. (2002). Continental, national, and sub-national innovation systems— complementarity and economic growth. Research Policy, 31(2), 191–211.

Gary, D. (2001). Human Resources Management. Eight Edition. Prentice Hall International Inc.

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial least squares: Konsep, teknik, dan aplikasi menggunakan program smart PLS 3.0 (2nd ed.). Semarang: Universitas Dipone-goro Semarang.

Gibson, J. L. (2011). Organizational, Structure, Processes (D. Paul (ed.); Fourteenth). y McGraw-Hill.

Hafeez, M., Mohd Shariff, M. N., & Mad Lazim, H. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, firm resources, SME branding, and firm’s performance: is innovation the missing link? American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 2(04), 153–159.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis 6th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Hills, G. E. (1994). Marketing and entrepreneurship: Research ideas and opportunities. Praeger.

Jasra, J., Khan, M., Hunjra, A., Rehman, R., & Azam, R. (2010). Determinants of business success of small and medium enterprises. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(20), 274– 280.

Koh, H. C. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: A study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology.

Kraus, S., Rigtering, J. P. C., Hughes, M., & Hosman, V. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: A quantitative study from the Netherlands. Review of Managerial Science, 6(2), 161–182. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11846-011-0062-9.

Kuczmarski, T. D. (2003). What is innovation? And why aren’t companies doing more of it? Journal of Consumer Marketing.

Lee, T. K., & Chu, W. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage: The mediation of resource value and rareness. African Journal of Business Management, 5(33), 12797–12809.

Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.

Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.

Mahmood, R., & Hanafi, N. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of women-owned small and medium enterprises in Malaysia: Competitive advantage as a mediator. International Journal of Business and Social Science (IJBSS), 4(1), 82–90.

Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791.

Mutegi, H. K., Njeru, P. W., & Ongesa, N. T. (2015). Financial literacy and its impact on loan repayment by small and medium entrepreneurs.

Nugroho, E. (2020). Survei Kinerja UMKM di Masa Pandemi COVID19. Humas LIPI. http://lipi.go.id/berita/survei-kinerjaumkm-di-masa-pandemi-covid19/22071.

Omar, N. A., Md Aris, H., & Nazri, M. A. (2016). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and knowledge creation on firm performance: A perspective on small scale entrepreneurs. Jurnal Pengurusan, 48(2016), 187–200. https://doi. org/10.17576/pengurusan-2016-48-15.

Patel, P. C., & D’Souza, R. R. (2009). Leveraging Entrepreneurial Orientation to Enhance SME Export Performance.

Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage free press. In New York.

Poudel, K. P., Carter, R., & Lonial, S. (2012). The Process Aspect Of Entrepreneurial Orinetation-Performance Relationship: Uncovering The Mediating Roles Of Technological Capabilities, Innovation, And Firm Growth. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research.

Prajogo, D. I., & Sohal, A. S. (2003). The relationship between TQM practices, quality performance, and innovation performance: An empirical examination. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management.

Prakoso, B. (2005). Pengaruh orientasi pasar, inovasi dan orientasi pembelajaran terhadap kinerja perusahaan untuk mencapai keunggulan bersaing (Studi empiris pada industri manufaktur di Semarang). Jurnal Studi Manajemen Dan Organisasi (JSMO), 2(Nomor 1), 35–57.

Sherlin, I. (2016). Pengaruh Inovasi Produk Dan Kinerja Pemasaran Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing (Studi Kasus Industri Kecil Dan Menengah Batik Kerinci). Jurnal Benefita, 1(3), 105–112.

Sholihin, M., & Ratmono, D. (2013). Analisis SEM-PLS Dengan WarpPls 3.0 Untuk Hubungan Nonlinier Dalam Penelitian Sosial Dan Bisnis. CV.Andi Offset.

Song, X. M., & Parry, M. E. (1997). The determinants of Japanese new product successes. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(1), 64–76.

Supranoto, M. (2009). Strategi menciptakan keunggulan Bersaing produk melalui orientasi pasar, Inovasi, dan orientasi kewirausahaan Dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja Pemasaran (Studi empiris pada: Industri Pakaian Jadi Skala Kecil dan Menengah di kota Semarang). UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

Tahir, B., Pasda, S., & Widhi, A. K. (2018). The Influence of market orientation, Innovation, and Entrepreneurial competence on competitiveness and Performance of Small And Medium Enterprises of Silk weaving Industry. OSR Journal of Business and Management, 20(2), 1–9.

Usvita, M. (2015). Pengaruh Orientasi Kewirausahaan dan Orientasi Pasar terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan melalui Keunggulan Bersaing sebagai Variabel Intervening (Survey pada UKM Pangan Dinas Perindagtamben Kota Padang). Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi, 3(1), 30–37.

Wahyono, W. (2001). Orientasi Pasar dan Inovasi: Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran (Studi Kasus Pada Industri Meubel di Kabupaten Jepara). program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro.

Widyani, W. M. (2014). Pentingnya Pola Kemitraan Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Peran dan Kinerja Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah di Jawa Timur Periode 2006–2011. CALYPTRA, 2(2), 1–12.

Widyaningdyah, A. U., & Aryani, Y. A. (2013). Intellectual Capital dan Keunggulan Kompetitif (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Manufaktur versi Jakarta Stock Industrial Classification-JASICA). Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 15(1), 1–14.

Wiklund, J. (1999). The sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation—performance relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(1), 37–48.

Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 71–91.

Zeebaree, M. R. Y., & Siron, R. B. (2017). Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Competitive Advantage Moderated by Financing Support in SMEs. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1), 43–52. http:www.econjournals. com

Zehir, C., Can, E., & Karaboga, T. (2015). Linking Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm Performance: The Role of Differentiation Strategy and Innovation Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 358–367. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.381

Zulfіda, Z., Yulianto, E., & Sunarti, S. (2016). Pengaruh іNovasі Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaіng Dan Kіnerja Pemasaran (Sensus Pada UKM Kerіpіk Tempe Sanan). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 40(2), 32–38.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v37i2.7997

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan is licensed under  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License