Effect of Ketapang Leaf Extract on HDL Levels of Rattus norvegicus Induced by High-fat Foods

Nurfadly Nurfadly, Muhammad Fajar, Isra Thristy, Yenita Yenita

Abstract


High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions to transport cholesterol from the blood vessel endothelium to the liver and excreted through the digestive tract so that it does not cause dyslipidemia, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Current treatment for dyslipidemia uses long-term statin drugs, which can cause various side effects, so herbal alternatives such as ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.), which contain flavonoids and have the effect of increasing HDL levels, needed to be evaluated to achieve that reason. This study aims to evaluate whether ketapang leaf extract has an effect on increasing blood HDL levels. This research used experimental animals with a pretest and a posttest with a control group design. It was conducted at the Biochemistry Laboratory and Laboratory Animal Management Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, from September to December 2023. This study used Wistar strain male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were induced on a high-fat diet, divided into five groups: negative control, positive control (given simvastatin), treatment 1 (given 21 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract), treatment 2 (given 42 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract) and treatment 3 (given 84 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract). The study results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the average HDL levels before and after treatment in the positive control, treatment 2, and therapy three groups. Thus, the study concluded that ketapang leaf extract affected increasing HDL levels of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Keywords


HDL; high-fat diet; ketapang leaf extract; Rattus norvegicus

Full Text:

PDF

References


Corallo R. Cholesterol. In: Tugman B, Baxter S, Wu Y, editors. A guy's guide: what every man needs to know about their health [e-book]. Montreal: Pressbooks; 2021 [cited 2024 June 12]. Available from: https://pressbooks.pub/btugman2021/chapter/cholesterol.

Aswania GM, Yasmin AAADA. Dislipidemia sebagai prediktor kejadian kardiovaskular mayor pada pasien infark miokard akut. EJ Medika Udayana. 2020;9(11):91–100.

Apriyanto DR, Frisqila C. Perbandingan efektivitas ekstrak dan fermentasi buah naga merah terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol low density lipoprotein (LDL) pada tikus putih yang dibuat hiperkolesterolemia. Tunas Medika J Kedokteran Kesehat. 2016;3(3):1–5.

Rafsanjani MS, Asriati A, Kholidha AN, Alifariki LO. Hubungan kadar high density lipoprotein (HDL) dengan kejadian hipertensi. J Prof Medika. 2019;13(2):74–81.

Zhao X, Wang D, Qin L. Lipid profile and prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):69.

Braun A. Does low HDL cholesterol cause symptoms? [Internet]. New York: Verywell Health; 2024 [cited 2024 July 10]. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/low-hdl-symptoms-signs-symptoms-and-complications-5188643.

Pirillo A, Casula M, Olmastroni E, Norata GD, Catapano AL. Global epidemiology of dyslipidaemias. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(10):689–700.

Ramkumar S, Raghunath A, Raghunath S. Statin therapy: review of safety and potential side effects. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2016;32(6):631–9.

Abu Mellal A, Hussain N, Said AS. The clinical significance of statins-macrolides interaction: comprehensive review of in vivo studies, case reports, and population studies. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2019;15:921–36.

Valentovic M. Simvastatin. In: Enna SJ, Bylund DB, editors. xPharm: the comprehensive pharmacology reference. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2007. p. 1–4.

Zeka K, Ruparelia K, Arroo RRJ, Budriesi R, Micucci M. Flavonoids and their metabolites: prevention in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Diseases. 2017;5(3):19.

Millar CL, Duclos Q, Blesso CN. Effects of dietary flavonoids on reverse cholesterol transport, HDL metabolism, and HDL function. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(2):226–39.

Maharadingga M, Pahriyani A, Arista D. Uji aktivitas ekstrak etanol 70% daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) pada hamster Syrian jantan hiperglikemia dan hiperkolesterolemia dengan parameter pengukuran kolesterol total dan LDL. Lumbung Farmasi. 2021;2(2):80–8.

Waluyo J, Wahyuni D. The effect of ketapang leaf extracts (Terminalia catappa L.) on the cholesterol levels of male mice (Mus musculus L.) hypercholesterolemia. IJAERS. 2017;4(7):45–9.

Thomas KS, Jagatheesan PNR, Reetha TL, Rajendran D. Nutrient composition of Japanese quail eggs. IJSET. 2016;5(3):1293–5.

Moffatt RJ, Stamford B. Lipid metabolism and health. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006.

Nurfianti A, Tribudi YA. Kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan kolesterol pada telur puyuh yang diberi pakan tambahan tepung pegagan (Centella asiatica). JTP. 2016;17(3):187–94.

Guo J, Chen S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Hu L, et al. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological regulation and diseases. MedComm. 2024;5(2):e476.

Pappan N, Awosika AO, Rehman A. Dyslipidemia. [Updated 2024 Mar 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2024 July 16]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560891.

Feingold KR. Cholesterol lowering drugs. [Updated 2024 Feb 12]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000 [cited 2024 July 20]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK395573.

Herli MA, Wardaniati I. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol dan fraksi daun ketapang yang tumbuh di sekitar Univ. Abdurrab, Pekanbaru. JOPS. 2019;2(2):38–42.

Baskaran G, Salvamani S, Ahmad SA, Shaharuddin NA, Pattiram PD, Shukor MY. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity and phytocomponent investigation of Basella alba leaf extract as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:509–17.

Syafitri S, Ayu PR, Wijaya SM. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak seledri (Apium graveolens L.) organik terhadap kadar high density lipoprotein (HDL) tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) galur Sprague Dawley yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak. J Kesehat Tambusai. 2022;3(1):88–95.

Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):265.

Yao J, Chen P, Apraku A, Zhang G, Huang Z, Hua X. Hydrolysable tannin supplementation alters digestibility and utilization of dietary protein, lipid, and carbohydrate in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Front Nutr. 2019;6:183.

Marrelli M, Conforti F, Araniti F, Statti GA. Effects of saponins on lipid metabolism: a review of potential health benefits in the treatment of obesity. Molecules. 2016;21(10):1404.

Ma Z, Wang S, Miao W, Zhang Z, Yu L, Liu S, et al. The roles of natural alkaloids and polyphenols in lipid metabolism: therapeutic implications and potential targets in metabolic diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2023;30(32):3649–67.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v12i3.14070

pISSN 2301-9123 | eISSN 2460-5441


Visitor since 19 October 2016: 


Free counters!


Global Medical and Health Communication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.