Perbandingan Pengetahuan dengan Sikap dalam Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Daerah Urban dan Rural

Abstract

Demam berdarah dengue tidak saja menimbulkan beban penyakit, akan tetapi juga beban ekonomi yang tinggi bagi individu, keluarga maupun negara. Belum terdapat obat atau vaksin yang efektif telah membatasi pilihan dalam melakukan pencegahan dan pengobatan. Program yang dilaksanakan adalah vektor kontrol untuk membatasi transmisi virus yang memerlukan peran serta masyarakat secara terus menerus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan persepsi tentang penyakit dengan praktik dalam pencegahan demam berdarah di daerah urban (Tamansari) dan daerah rural (Ciparay). Penelitian dilakukan pada total 208 responden di Tamansari Bandung dan 122 responden di Ciparay pada bulan Februari sampai Maret 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan di kedua daerah belum baik dengan sanitasi dasar terutama sistem pembuangan air limbah yang belum memadai. Perbedaan tampak dalam hubungan antara persepsi mengenai demam berdarah dan sikap dalam praktik pencegahan. Di Tamansari persepsi mengenai demam berdarah dengue berhubungan dengan sikap dalam memberantas sarang nyamuk (OR 14,297; p<0,05). Ciparay menunjukkan fenomena yang berlawanan, persepsi mengenai demam berdarah dengue tidak berhubungan dengan sikap dalam pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (OR 0,327; p>0,05). Simpulan, terdapat perbedaan persepsi dengan praktik pencegahan demam berdarah dengue antara responden Tamansari dan Ciparay.

COMPARISON ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING DENGUE PREVENTION IN URBAN AND RURAL AREA

Dengue fever is not only become a burden of disease but can also become burden on economy affected individual person, family and country. At present there weren’t any specific drug and no effective vaccine yet, that the prevention was limited to disease prevention through disease management and vector control which needed continuing community participation. This study aims to understand the difference between perception and the practice in vector control activities between urban and rural areas. Data was collected using questionnaires from 208 and 122 respondents from Tamansari dan Ciparay respectively since February to March 2015. Results showed that the environment condition in both study area were not good especially for the basic sanitation facilities. There were differences between perception of the disease and the practice of vector control in these two areas. Perception of the disease associate with practice in vector control in Tamansari was OR  14.297, p<0.05 while it was the other way in Ciparay was OR 0.327,  p>0.05. In conclusion there are differences between Tamansari and Ciparay regarding perception of dengue fever with the practice on vector control.