Pemanfaatan Kalender 4M Sebagai Alat Bantu Meningkatkan Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Pemberantasan dan Pencegahan Demam Berdarah
Abstract
Upaya pemberantasan sarang nyamuk yang dikenal selama ini adalah gerakan 3M, yaitu Menguras-Menutup-Mengubur. Program ini belum berjalan dengan optimal terbukti dengan masih tingginya insidensi DBD dan masih terjadi kejadian luar biasa. Dibutuhkan monitoring yang kuat untuk mencapai keberhasilan 3M. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempergunakan alat bantu berupa kalender 4M (Menguras-Menutup-Mengubur-Monitor) untuk dipergunakan sebagai alat monitoring dalam program pemberantasan sarang nyamuk. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam dan diskusi grup terfokus. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah maximal variation sampling dengan teknik analisis triangulasi. Informan berasal dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung, Puskesmas Tamansari, dan Kader Kesehatan di Kelurahan Tamansari selama bulan Juli 2015. Berdasarkan analisis data didapatkan bahwa masalah yang terjadi adalah pengabaian aktivitas rutin seperti 3M karena tidak terdapat mekanisme monitoring dan feedback. Salah satu keunggulan yang ada di lingkungan adalah motivasi dan partisipasi kader. Simpulan, kalender 4M berhasil dikembangkan sebagai sarana monitoring sekaligus edukasi untuk masyarakat. Kalender 4M merupakan alat bantu yang memfasilitasi keberadaan kader dalam mendukung program 3M.
4M CALENDAR AS MONITORING TOOLS TO INCREASE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN DENGUE CONTROL PROGRAM
Dengue prevention program in Indonesia, 3M, Menguras-Menutup-Mengubur have not been optimal as can be seen from the still high cases of dengue and some outbreak in several areas. A good monitoring process is needed to ensure the success of this program. This study aimed to develop monitoring tools to assist monitoring process in dengue prevention program. This was a qualitative study with case study approach using in-depth interview and focus group discussion with informants from Bandung City Health Department, Tamansari Health center and community cadres on July 2015. Sample method used was maximal variation sampling with triangulation analysis method. Results showed community participation hindered by the lack of monitoring and feedback tools. On the other hands participations from cadres were good that can be used to support 3M program. In conclusion, to assist the monitoring process, a tool—4M (Menguras-Menutup-Mengubur-Monitor) calendar—is developed to assist health cadres in supporting 3M program through monitoring process as well as for education purposes. A strong commitment and collaboration between cadres and community is needed to ensure the success of 3M program.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v4i2.1858
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