Efek Larvasida Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Culex sp.

Abstract

Salah satu cara pemberantasan nyamuk Culex yang merupakan vektor beberapa penyakit antara lain filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, dan West Nile virus ialah dengan larvasida. Larvasida berbahan kimia (temephos) memiliki efek samping berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian penggunaan daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) sebagai larvasida alami. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi memiliki efek larvasida alami terhadap larva Culex sp. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Maranatha pada Februari–Juli 2016. Desain penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap. Efek larvasida ekstrak daun pandan wangi (EDPW) diuji terhadap 6 kelompok perlakuan (n=30, r=4) larva Culex sp. Kelompok I (EDPW 4%), II (EDPW 2%), III (EDPW 1%), IV (EDPW 0,5%), V (temephos sebagai kontrol positif), dan VI (akuades sebagai kontrol negatif). Data yang diambil ialah jumlah larva mati setelah pemberian bahan uji selama 24 jam. Analisis data dengan ANAVA dan uji Tukey HSD dengan nilai α=0,01. Hasil penelitian berupa persentase larva mati pada kelompok I (96,67%), II (79,17%), III (50%), dan IV (17,5%) menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p≤0,01) terhadap kelompok VI (1,67%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,01) antara kelompok I dan V (100%). Simpulan, EDPW berefek sebagai larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Culex sp dan EDPW 4% memiliki potensi setara dengan temephos.

LARVICIDE EFFECT OF FRAGNANT PANDAN LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT (PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ROXB.) AGAINTS CULEX SP. MOSQUITO LARVAE

One way to eradicate Culex mosquitoes that are vector for several diseases such as filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and West Nile virus is with larvicide. Larvicide made from chemical (temephos) have harmful side effects to health and environment. Therefore research of fragnant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) as natural larvicide was conducted. This study aims to find out whether fragnant pandan leaves ethanol extract has natural larvicide effect against Culex sp. larvae. The study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University in February to July 2016. This study design was laboratoric experimental with complete randomized design. Larvicidal effect of fragnant pandan leaves extract (FPLE) was tested against 6 groups (n=30, r=4) Culex larvae. Group I (FPLE 4%), II (FPLE 2%), III (FPLE 1%), IV (0,5%), V (temephos as a positive control), and VI (aquadest as a negative control). The taken data was the number of larvae that died after administration of the substance for 24 hours. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test using α=0,01. The results of the study were the percentage of dead larvae in group I (96,67%), II (79,17%), III (50%), and IV (17,5%) showed a significant difference (p≤0,01) to group VI (1,67%). There were no significant difference (p>0,01) between group I and group V (100%). The conclusion of this study is there was an effect of FPLE as larvicide against Culex mosquito larvae and FPLE 4% had equivalent potential to temephos.