Medical Student Career Choice’s Determinants: a Qualitative Study
Abstract
Choosing a career is an essential stage in medical students’ life. Previous researchers all across the world have been conducted studies to examine determinants of career choices in general and medical careers in sociodemographic and behavioral perspectives. While most of the studies centered on general career choices determinants and located mostly in western countries with general career choices as their topics, few studies explore about medical students’ career choices determinants in a collectivist culture like Indonesia. Hence, this study aimed to explore and describe determinants of medical students’ career choices in collectivist culture setting. Participants, 62 students in total, were recruited from all stages of undergraduate medical students in Sriwijaya University in November 2015 until January 2016. Each of focus groups was led by a facilitator to explore medical students’ career choices’ determinants. Transcripts encoded according to recurring topics and themes that came up during their discussions. Eight themes identified from the discussions were: four major, two intermediate and two minor issues. Major themes were financial gain, prestige, personal interest and family influence. In conclusion, some points can be used to increase medical students’ interest in various medical career fields. Exposure to medical career information should not target merely on medical students but also to their family and the community as well. Government roles in providing financial incentives as well as career opportunities to medical fields to increase the interest of medical students in the certain medical field.
DETERMINAN KARIeER MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN: SEBUAH STUDI KUALITATIF
Pemilihan karier merupakan salah satu fase yang penting dalam kehidupan seorang mahasiswa kedokteran. Berbagai penelitian di seluruh dunia telah dilakukan dalam menemukan dan menganalisis determinan pemilihan karier seseorang, baik secara umum, maupun dalam dunia kedokteran secara khusus yang dilakukan pada perspektif sosiodemografi dan perilaku. Saat ini masih sedikit sekali penelitian yang dilakukan pada mahasiswa kedokteran yang bertujuan mengeksplorasi determinan pemilihan kariernya, terutama dalam lingkungan dengan kultur kolektivisme seperti di Indonesia. Penelitian ini ditujukan mengeksplorasi dan menjelaskan alasan pemilihan karier mahasiswa kedokteran pada lingkungan dengan kultur kolektivisme. Partisipan adalah semua mahasiswa kedokteran preklinik di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya yang berjumlah 62 orang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2015–January 2016. Tiap kelompok diskusi terarah dipimpin oleh seorang fasilitator yang melakukan eksplorasi terkait alasan pemilihan karier mereka. Hasil diskusi dicatat dan transkrip dikelompokkan sesuai dengan tema yang sering muncul selama kegiatan diskusi berlangsung. Delapan tema teridentifikasi dalam diskusi, yaitu empat tema mayor, dua tema menengah, dan dua tema minor bergantung pada seringnya tema tersebut muncul dalam semua diskusi. Tema mayor yang muncul adalah pendapatan, prestise, minat pribadi, dan pengaruh keluarga. Keterpaparan informasi karier kedokteran perlu dilakukan tidak hanya pada mahasiswa, tetapi juga pada keluarga dan lingkungan. Pemerintah juga berperan dalam memberikan insentif dan peluang pada bidang karier yang membutuhkan lebih banyak tenaga kerja di masa yang akan datang untuk meningkatkan minat mahasiswa pada bidang karier tersebut.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Super DE. A life-span, life-space approach to career development. J Vocat Behav. 1980;16(3):282–98.
Syakurah RA, Sari DA, Riansyah D, Yolanda P. Determinan pilihan karir mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran sebagai spesialis di Indonesia. JPKI. 2014;3(2):132–6.
Burrack JH, Irby DM, Carline JD, Ambrozy DM, Ellsbury KE, Slitter FT. AA study of medical students’ specialty-choice pathways: trying on possible selves. Acad Med. 1997;72(6):534–41.
Nurhayati E, Respati T, Budiman. Pilihan karir lulusan program pendidikan profesi dokter Universitas Islam Bandung tahun 2015. GMHC. 2016;4(2):87–92.
Kiker BF, Zeh M. Relative income expectations, expected malpractice premium costs, and other determinants of physician specialty choice. J Health Soc Behav. 1998;39(2):152–67.
Lefevre JH, Roupret M, Kerneis S, Karila L. Career choices of medical students: a national survey of 1780 students. Med Educ. 2010;44(6):603–12.
Syakurah RA, Prabandari YS, Widyandana D, Kumara A. Career choices, determinants, and need for medical career introduction among medical students. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017;5(5):1998–2002.
Reinhardt UE. The net present value and other economic implications of a medical career. Acad Med. 2017;92(7):907–11.
Moore JN, McDiarmid AJ, Johnston PW, Cleland JA. Identifying and exploring factors influencing career choice, recruitment and retention of anesthesia trainees in the UK. Postgrad Med J. 2017;93(1096):61–6.
AbouZaid LZ, Nabil NM, Al-Fadil SO, Alatmi A, Saeed AA. Career choice and its influencing factors: perception of senior medical students. J Contemp Med Educ. 2014;2(3):168–73.
Abbott A. The system of professions: an essay on the division of expert labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1988.
Lent RW, Brown SD, Hackett G. Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. J Vocat Behav. 1994;45(1):79–122.
Gibbs KD Jr, Griffin KA. What do I want to be with my PhD? The roles of personal values and structural dynamics in shaping the career interests of recent biomedical science PhD graduates. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2013;12(4):711–23.
Sawitri DR, Creed PA, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. Parental influences and adolescent career behaviours in a collectivist cultural setting. Int J Educ Vocat Guid. 2014;14(2):161–80.
Dorsey ER, Jarjoura D, Rutecki GW. Influence of controllable lifestyle on recent trends in specialty choice by US medical students. JAMA. 2003;290(9):1173–8.
Maulidira F, Syakurah RA, Fadilah M, Aulia H. Pengaruh role model terhadap pilihan karir pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran. JPKI. 2015;4(2):75–82.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v5i3.2799
pISSN 2301-9123 | eISSN 2460-5441
Visitor since 19 October 2016:
Global Medical and Health Communication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.