Relationship of Soil-transmitted Helminth and Enterobius vermicularis Infection with Anemic in Students in Aceh Besar
Abstract
Helminthiasis is a disease caused by parasites in the form of worms, one of which is the type of soil-transmitted helminth (STH), A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, N. americanus, and A. duodenale which infect humans through soil transmission. Enterobius vermicularis is the most common intestinal parasite in the whole world. Worms that live in the human intestine can cause malnutrition and anemic. This study aims to determine the relationship STH and Enterobius vermicularis infection with anemic of students in several elementary schools in Aceh Besar regency, Aceh province. This study was an analytical study using a cross-sectional study design conducted from May to November 2015. The sample consisted of the total sampling of 736 elementary school students, as well as using the inquiry method of Kato with stool specimens, cellophane tape anal swab, and hemoglobin. The correspondents who suffered from anemia and STH type helminthiasis, namely ancylostomiasis 7/7 students (100%, p=0.000); trichuriasis 30/58 students (51.7%, p=0.000) and 28 students not anemic (48.3%); and ascariasis 13/22 students (59.9%, p=0.002) and 9 students not anemic (41.1%). In enterobiasis infection, anemic students were 46/146 students (31.5%) and nonanemic students were 100 students (68.5%, p=0.634). In conclusion, all STH types related to the anemic status of the correspondent, and no correlation between anemic and infection of enterobiasis.
HUBUNGAN INFEKSI SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH DAN ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS DENGAN ANEMIA PADA SISWA DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR PROVINSI ACEH
Kecacingan adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit berupa cacing, salah satunya jenis soil-transmitted helminth (STH), yaitu A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, N. americanus, dan A. duodenale yang menginfeksi manusia melalui transmisi tanah. Enterobius vermicularis adalah parasit usus yang paling umum di seluruh dunia. Cacing yang hidup di usus manusia ini dapat menyebabkan kurang gizi dan anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan infeksi STH dan Enterobius vermicularis dengan anemia pada siswa sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional study yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei sampai November 2015. Sampel berupa total sampling 736 siswa sekolah dasar, serta menggunakan metode pemeriksaan Kato dengan spesimen feses, cellophane tape anal swab, dan hemoglobin. Koresponden yang menderita anemia dan kecacingan jenis STH, yaitu ancylostomiasis 7/7 siswa (100%, p=0,000); trichuriasis 30/58 siswa (51,7%; p=0,000) dan 28 siswa tidak anemia (48,3%); serta askariasis 13/22 siswa (59,9%; p=0,002) dan 9 siswa tidak anemia (41,1%). Pada infeksi enterobiasis, siswa yang anemia adalah 46/146 siswa (31,5%) dan tidak anemia 100 siswa (68,5%; p=0,634). Simpulan, semua kecacingan jenis STH berhubungan erat dengan status anemia pada koresponden, serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara anemia dan infeksi enterobiasis.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
World Health Organization (WHO). WHO plans major scale-up of interventions for soil-transmitted helminthiases (intestinal worms) [Internet]. 2012 June 8 [cited 2015 November 4]. Available from: https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/STH_scale_up_2012/en/.
World Health Organization (WHO). Soil-transmitted helminth infections [Internet]. 2015 March 30 [cited 2015 November 6]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections.
World Health Organization (WHO). Soil-transmitted helminthiasis: eliminating soil-transmitted helminthiasis as a public health problem in children: progress report 2001–2010 and strategic plan 2011–2020. Geneva: WHO Press; 2012.
Parija SC, Chidambaram M, Mandal J. Epidemiology and clinical features of soil-transmitted helminths. Trop Parasitol. 2017;7(2):81–5.
Khurana S, Sethi S. Laboratory diagnosis of soil transmitted helminthiasis. Trop Parasitol. 2017;7(2):86–91.
Safar R. Parasitologi kedokteran: protozoologi, helmintologi, entomologi. Bandung: Yrama Widya; 2010.
Ali AR. Penyakit cacing pada anak SD di Polewali Mandar tahun 2006–2007 [Internet]. 2009 February 19 [cited 2015 April 4]. Available from: https://arali2008.wordpress.com/2009/02/19/penyakit-cacing-anak-sd-di-polewali-mandar-tahun-2006-2008/.
Baharuddin. Pengaruh perilaku higienitas terhadap kejadian kecacingan pada murid sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Meurebo Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Master [thesis]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2010 [cited 2016 January 2]. Available from: http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/23779.
Ali MA, Sugiyanto Z, Suharyo. 2011. Hubungan infeksi helminthiasis dengan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) pada siswa SD Gedong Bina Remaja Kota Semarang 2011. Jurnal Visikes. 2012;11(2):80–7.
Tan X, Cheng M, Zhang J, Chen G, Liu D, Liu Y, et al. Hookworm infection caused acute intestinal bleeding diagnosed by capsule: a case report and literature review. Korean J Parasitol. 2017;55(4):417–20.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Parasites - trichuriasis (also known as whipworm infection) [Internet]. January 10, 2013 [cited 2016 January 2]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/whipworm/index.html.
Chu TB, Liao CW, Nara T, Huang YC, Chou CM, Liu YH, et al. Enterobius vermicularis infection is well controlled among preschool children in nurseries of Taipei City, Taiwan. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2012;45(5):646–8.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2008. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2009.
Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pengendalian Penyakit Bersumber Binatang (Balai Litbang P2B2) Tanah Bumbu. Hasil survei tinja pada anak sekolah di SD Batuah I Pagatan, Kecamatan Kusan Hilir. Batulicin: Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu; 2009.
Ibrahim IA. Ascariasis dan trichuriasis sebagai faktor penentu kejadian anemia gizi besi anak SD di permukiman kumuh Kota Makassar. MGP. 2012;8(1):48–54.
Indonesia Agency of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia. Basic health research (Riskesdas) 2013 [Internet]. Jakarta: Indonesia Agency of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia; 2013 [cited 2017 June 15]. Available from: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/ccount/click.php?id=10.
Hoffbrand AV, Mass PAH. Essential haematology. 6th Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publising; 2011.
Raspati H, Reniarti L, Susanah S. Anemia defisiensi besi. In: Permono HB, Sutaryo, Ugrasena IDG, Windiastuti E, Abdulsalam M, editors. Buku ajar hematologi-onkologi anak. 2nd Printing. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI; 2006. p. 30–43.
Dewayani BS, Situmeang R, Sembiring T, Hamid ED, Pasaribu S, Lubis CP. Albendazole pada soil transmitted helminthiasis. 2004 [cited 2016 January 2]. Available from: http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/2015.
Chaiyos J, Suwannatrai K, Thinkhamrop K, Pratumchart K, Sereewong C, Tesana S, et al. MaxEnt modeling of soil-transmitted helminth infection distributions in Thailand. Parasitol Res. 2018;117(11):3507–17.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Parasites - trichuriasis (also known as whipworm infection): treatmeant [Internet]. January 10, 2013 [cited 2016 January 2]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/whipworm/treatment.html.
Annisa I, Damayanti R, Trianto DM, Wiratama MP, Wahdini S, Sungkar S. Pengaruh pengobatan albendazol dosis tunggal terhadap infeksi soil-transmitted helminth dan status gizi anak di Desa Perokonda, Sumba Barat Daya. eJKI. 2017;5(2):114–20.
Srisari G. Parasitologi kedokteran. Edisi ke-3. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2006.
Irianto K. Parasitologi medis (medical parasitogy). Bandung; Alfabeta; 2013.
Ideham B, Pusarawati S. Helmintologi kedokteran. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press; 2007.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v8i1.4375
pISSN 2301-9123 | eISSN 2460-5441
Visitor since 19 October 2016:
Global Medical and Health Communication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.