Efek Sitokin Proinflamasi TnF - Alpha pada Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Tinjauan Literatur

Khaidir Yusuf, Legiran Legiran

Abstract


Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) salah satu mediator proinflamasi terpenting yang secara kritis terlibat dalam perkembangan resistensi insulin dan patogenesis diabetes melitus tipe II (T2DM). Peningkatan kadar TNF-α menginduksi resistensi insulin pada adiposit dan jaringan perifer. Tinjaun literatur pada penelitian ini menggunakan database PubMed dan Science direct terhadap artikel yang membahas TNF-alpha pada diabetes melitus tipe 2 dalam 5–10 tahun terakhir. Kata kunci dicari dengan satu kata atau dikombinasikan dengan kata kunci lainnya. Penyaringan dilakukan dari artikel berbahasa inggris. Tnf-alpha dan penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2 ada keterkaitan. Pada literatur dikatakan patogenesis diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dan perkembangan resistensi insulin ditandai oleh beberapa faktor stimulasi, terutama pembentukan spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS) dan peningkatan berbagai sitokin pro-inflamasi. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) adalah salah satu mediator proinflamasi terpenting yang terlibat dalam perkembangan resistensi insulin dan patogenesis T2DM. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) terlibat dalam banyak patologi manusia, termasuk penyakit autoimun, resistensi insulin terkait obesitas, komplikasi kardiovaskular dan kanker, serta berperan terjadi peradangan kronis pada ginjal yang merupakan bentuk komplikasi diabetes tipe 2. Pada penelitian lain juga menguatkan pendapat peneliti dijelaskan bahwa efek sitokin pro inflamasi dan anti-inflamasi (TNF-a) dapat mengganggu jalur persinyalan insulin sehingga menyebabkan resitensi insulin pada sel B-pancreas. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah TNF-α menyebabkan resistensi insulin dan menyebabkan seseorang menderita diabetes melitus tipe 2.

 

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is one of the most crucial proinflammatory mediators critically involved in the development of insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Elevated levels of TNF-α induce insulin resistance in adipocytes and peripheral tissues. A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Science direct to explore articles discussing TNF-Alpha in type 2 diabetes over the past 5–10 years. Keywords were searched individually or in combination with others, and articles in English were screened. The literature reveals a connection between TNF-alpha and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of insulin resistance are characterized by various stimulating factors, particularly the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in various pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is identified as one of the key proinflammatory mediators involved in insulin resistance development and T2DM pathogenesis. TNF-α is implicated in various human pathologies, including autoimmune diseases, obesity-related insulin resistance, cardiovascular complications, cancer, and plays a role in the occurrence of chronic inflammation in the kidneys, a form of complication in type 2 diabetes. Other studies support the notion that the effects of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) can disrupt insulin signaling pathways, leading to insulin resistance in pancreatic B cells. In conclusion, this research indicates that Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) can induce insulin resistance, contributing to the onset of type 2 diabetes.


Keywords


Diabetes melitus tipe 2; resistensi insulin; TNF-alpha; Diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance type 2;TNF-alpha

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v6i1.12780

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