Korelasi Persentase Hematokrit dan Jumlah Trombosit dengan Tingkat Keparahan Pasien Dewasa Demam Berdarah Dengue di RSUD Cibabat Kota Cimahi Tahun 2022

Andromeda Andromeda, Nur Nazila Fajriani Palembang, Bayu Ewangga

Abstract


Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, dan DENV-4 yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Angka kejadian kasus DBD di Indonesia masih cenderung tinggi, yakni sebanyak 143.266 kasus dengan 1.237 kematian pada tahun 2022. Parameter laboratorium yang penting dalam menentukan tingkat keparahan DBD antara lain persentase hematokrit dan jumlah trombosit. Peningkatan kadar hematokrit dapat mengindikasikan hemokonsentrasi akibat penurunan volume cairan dan peningkatan persentase sel darah merah. Trombositopenia disebabkan oleh reaksi silang protein NS1 dan supresi megakariosit di sumsum tulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis korelasi persentase hematokrit dan jumlah trombosit dengan tingkat keparahan pasien dewasa demam berdarah dengue di RSUD Cibabat Kota Cimahi selama Agustus–September 2023. Metode pada penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif metode observasional deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Analisis korelasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Spearman. Data penelitian yang mencakup diagnosis pasien dan hasil laboratorium diambil dari data rekam medis RSUD Cibabat Kota Cimahi dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 102 pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keparahan yang paling banyak diderita pasien adalah DBD derajat I. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara persentase hematokrit (p=0,000; r=0,412) dan jumlah trombosit (p=0,000;r=-0,788) dengan tingkat keparahan DBD. Simpulan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan persentase hematokrit dan penurunan jumlah trombosit meningkatkan keparahan pasien dewasa yang didiagnosis DBD di RSUD Cibabat Kota Cimahi.

 

Abstract
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease caused by DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 which is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The incidence of DHF cases in Indonesia is known to be high, with 143,266 cases and 1,237 deaths in 2022. Cimahi is a DHF endemic area. Laboratory parameters that are important in determining the severity of DHF include the percentage of hematocrit and platelet count. Increased hematocrit levels may indicate hemoconcentration due to decreased fluid volume and increased red blood cell percentage. Thrombocytopenia caused by NS1 protein cross-reaction and suppression of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. This study purposed to analyze the correlation of hematocrit percentage and platelet count with the severity of adult patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever at Cibabat Hospital, Cimahi City during August–September 2023. This study was observational analytic with Cross-sectional design. Data analysis used Spearman test. The research data which included patient diagnosis and laboratory results were taken from the medical record data of RSUD Cibabat Cimahi City with a total sample of 102 patients. The results showed that the most common severity level suffered by patients was first-degree DHF. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between hematocrit percentage (p=0.000; r=0.412) and platelets count (p=0.000; r=-0.788) with the severity of DHF. It can be concluded that an increase in hematocrit percentage and a decrease in platelet count increase the severity of adult patients diagnosed with DHF at Cibabat Hospital, Cimahi City.


Keywords


Demam berdarah dengue; hematokrit; trombosit; Dengue; hematocrit; platelet

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v6i1.13042

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