Apakah Konsumsi Total Asupan Gula Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Depresi pada Dewasa Muda?

Abstract

Depresi termasuk penyakit mental yang dapat menyerang segala kalangan. Penyebab timbulnya gejala depresi melibatkan berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah konsumsi gula. Mekanisme hubungan konsumsi gula dengan gejala depresi diyakini oleh proses inflamasi. Banyak pria tercatat sebagai konsumen utama gula. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi gula dengan derajat depresi pada Mahasiswa Putra Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung Tahap Akademik 2022/2023 yang aktif dan terdaftar secara akademik serta berusia antara 18 hingga 25 tahun, bersedia mengikuti penelitian hingga akhir. Mahasiswa yang didiagnosis gangguan mood atau gangguan psikiatrik lain, ikut program diet, memiliki penyakit diabetes maupun penyakit jantung, serta anggota keluarga utama, yakni ayah, ibu, saudara kembar yang mengalami depresi, dieksklusikan dari penelitian. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional, melibatkan 73 subjek yang dipilih secara total population sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) secara self-afministered untuk mengukur derajat depresi yang mencakup sembilan pertanyaan, sementara data konsumsi gula diukur menggunakan aplikasi FatSecret® selama periode dua minggu. Semua makanan yang dikonsumsi pada pagi, siang, dan malam termasuk kudapan dicatat menggunakan aplikasi. Data harian dapat dilihat pada laporan nutrisi sesuai tanggal. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 39 mahasiswa putra yang mengonsumsi gula berlebih, 16 di antaranya mengalami depresi ringan dan dua responden mengalami depresi berat. Di sisi lain, dari total 34 mahasiswa putra yang mengonsumsi gula dalam jumlah cukup, terdapat 17 responden depresi minimal dan tidak ada yang mengalami depresi berat. Dari data penelitian tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan (p=0.376) antara konsumsi gula dengan derajat depresi yang disebabkan dari berbagai macam faktor, seperti stigmatisme maupun ketidakterbukaan responden dalam mengisi kuesioner.

Is Total Sugar Intake Associated with the Incidence of Depression in Young Adults?

Abstract
Depression is a mental illness that can affect individuals from all walks of life. The emergence of depressive symptoms involves various factors, one of which is sugar consumption. The mechanism linking sugar consumption to depressive symptoms is believed to involve inflammatory processes. Many men are noted as the primary consumers of sugar. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between sugar consumption and the degree of depression among male students of the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Islam Bandung in the 2022/2023 academic year, who are active and registered academically, aged between 18 and 25 years, and willing to participate until the study's completion. Students diagnosed with mood disorders or other psychiatric disorders, those on diet programs, those with diabetes or heart disease, and those with a primary family member (father, mother, twin) experiencing depression were excluded from the study. This research used an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design, involving 73 subjects selected through total population sampling. Data collection used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in a self-administered format to measure the degree of depression, which includes nine questions, while sugar consumption data was measured using the FatSecret® application over a two-week period. All foods consumed in the morning, afternoon, and evening, including snacks, were recorded using the application. Daily data could be viewed in nutrition reports according to the date. Data were then analyzed using the chi-square test. The study results showed that of the 39 male students who consumed excessive sugar, 16 experienced mild depression and two experienced severe depression. On the other hand, among the total 34 male students who consumed an adequate amount of sugar, 17 had minimal depression and none experienced severe depression. The study data did not show a significant relationship (p=0.376) between sugar consumption and the degree of depression, which could be attributed to various factors such as stigma or the respondents' lack of openness in completing the questionnaire.