Klasifikasi Morfologi Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Relaps pada Pasien Anak
Abstract
Leukemia yang paling banyak ditemukan pada anak adalah jenis leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA). Pasien yang mengalami respons lambat setelah pemberian kemoterapi memiliki risiko relaps lebih besar. Terdapat faktor risiko yang dapat memengaruhi relaps, seperti usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah leukosit, dan klasifikasi morfologi LLA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan karakteristik pasien dengan kejadian relaps pada anak LLA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 111 anak di RS Al-Islam Bandung periode Maret—Juli 2018. Hubungan karakteristik pasien dengan kejadian relaps dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan anak yang mengalami relaps: 46,7% anak laki-laki dengan rasio prevalensi 1,14 (p=0,781); usia 5—9 tahun sebanyak 50% dengan rasio prevalensi 1,33 (p=0,664); anak dengan jumlah leukosit >50.000/µL sebanyak 64,2% dengan rasio prevalensi 1,74 (p=0,077), dan anak dengan klasifikasi morfologi LLA-L2 sebanyak 56,7% dengan rasio prevalensi 4,25 (p=0,004). Simpulan penelitian tidak terdapat hubungan jenis kelamin, usia, dan jumlah leukosit dengan kejadian relaps, namun terdapat hubungan antara klasifikasi morfologi dan kejadian relaps.
MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE LIMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA RELATED TO RELAPSE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
The most commonly leukemia occurred in children is a type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients who responded slowly after receiving chemotherapy, have a greater risk of relaps. There are risk factors that could affect the occurrence of relaps, such as age, sex, leukocyte count, and morphology of ALL classification. This study purposed to determine the relationship between the patient characteristics and the occurrence of relaps in children with ALL. This study used cross sectional analytic observational method with a number of sample were 111 children in Al-Islam Hospital Bandung during March-July 2018. Relationship between patient characteristics and occurrence of relapse was analyzed using chi-square method with 95% confidence level. This study showed that children who relapsed 46.7% of boys with a prevalence ratio of 1.14 (p=0.781); 50% of 5—9 years old with a prevalence ratio of 1.33 (p=0.664); 64.2% of children with leukocyte counts was >50,000/μL with a prevalence ratio of 1.74 (p=0.077) and 56.7% of children with ALL-L2 morphology classification with a prevalence ratio of 4.25 (p=0,004). Conclusions of the study there is no correlation between gender, age and number of leukocytes with the incidence of relapse but there is a relationship between morphological classification and the incidence of relapse.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v2i1.4338
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