Angka Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada Anak dengan Imunisasi BCG di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung Bulan Januari–Juni 2019

Abstract

Tuberkulosis (TB) yang dikenal sebagai salah satu penyebab 10 kematian tertinggi di dunia merupakan penyakit infeksi menular disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberkulosis paru dapat diderita oleh anak termasuk pada usia 0–5 tahun. Berbagai faktor risiko penularan TB pada anak, yaitu usia jenis kelamin, status gizi, dan status imunisasi BCG. Penelitian ini berupa deskriptif bertujuan menganalisis angka kejadian TB anak dengan karakteristik riwayat imunisasi BCG pada pasien TB anak yang baru didiagnosis di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung pada bulan Januari–Juni 2019. Desain ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien TB. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa penderita TB paru anak yang datang ke Poli Anak RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung pada bulan Januari–Juni 2019 sebanyak 211 penderita TB dengan jumlah kejadian terbanyak pada bulan Mei. Jumlah pasien TB anak usia 1–24 bulan 30 orang (25,6%) dan usia 25–60 bulan 87 orang (74,4%), jenis kelamin laki-laki 59 orang (50,4%) dan perempuan 58 orang (49,6%). Pasien yang memiliki tanda parut 98 orang (83,8%) dan tidak memiliki tanda parut 19 orang (16,2%). Simpulan, penderita TB paru anak banyak terjadi pada usia 1–24 bulan, jenis kelamin laki-laki, dan memiliki riwayat imunisasi BCG.

NUMBERS OF LUNG TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN WITH BCG IMMUNIZATION IN AL IHSAN BANDUNG HOSPITAL MONTHS JANUARY–JUNE 2019

Tuberculosis (TB), known as one of the 10 highest causes of death in the world, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis can be suffered by children including those aged 0–5 years. Various risk factors for TB transmission in children are age, sex, nutritional status and immunization status of BCG. This descriptive research aims to analyze the incidence of pediatric TB with a characteristic history of BCG immunization in newly diagnosed pediatric TB patients at Al-Ihsan Regional Hospital Bandung in January– June 2019. This design used a descriptive method obtained from the medical records of TB patients. The results showed that patients with pulmonary TB who came to the Children’s Polyclinic of Al-Ihsan Regional Hospital Bandung in January–June 2019 were 211 TB patients with the highest number of events in May. The number of TB patients in children aged 1–24 months were 30 children (25.6%) and aged 25–60 months was 87 children (74.4%), boys were 59 children (50.4%) and girls were 58 people (49.6%). Patients who had scar marks were 98 children (83.8%) and did not have scar marks 19 children (16.2%). In conclusion many children with pulmonary TB occur at 1–24 months of age, male, and have a history of BCG immunization.