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Determinan Kesehatan dalam Perspektif Islam: Studi Pendahuluan
Abstract
Ajaran Islam meyakini bahwa kesehatan merupakan hak asasi manusia dan anugerah kedua terbesar dari Allah setelah keimanan. Dalam upaya menjaga kesehatan, dibutuhkan keseimbangan antara berbagai determinan kesehatan yang merupakan perpaduan faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kesehatan baik individu maupun masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan determinan kesehatan dalam perspektif Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif etnografis yang dilakukan di Kota Bandung. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan April–Oktober 2019. Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada 6 orang ulama yang memiliki pendidikan minimal strata dua dalam bidang agama Islam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi, transkripsi, koding, dan tema. Validitas data dilakukan dengan cara triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa determinan kesehatan dalam perspektif Islam terdiri atas: (i) iman dan ibadah (ii) perilaku, (iii) lingkungan, (iv) sosial, (v) genetik, dan (vi) pelayanan kesehatan. Simpulan penelitian adalah determinan kesehatan dalam Islam yang paling utama adalah keimanan dan ibadah, ditunjang pula oleh determinan lainnya, yaitu perilaku, lingkungan, sosial, genetika, dan pelayanan kesehatan. Keseimbangan seluruh determinan kesehatan akan menciptakan kesehatan spiritual yang akan memengaruhi pencapaian kesehatan jiwa, fisik dan sosial.
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: A PILOT STUDY
Islamic teachings believe that health is a human right and the second main gift from God after the faith. In an effort to preserve health, a balance is needed between determinants of health which is a combination of factors that can affect the health of both individuals and society. This study aims to identify and describe health determinants in an Islamic perspective. This research is an ethnographic qualitative study conducted in Bandung. Data collection was held in April–October 2019. The study was conducted with in-depth interviews to 6 Islamic religion leader who have a minimum of master education in Islamic religion. Data analysis was done by reduction, transcription, coding and themes. Data validity was done by triangulation. The results showed that health determinants in Islamic perspective consisted of: (i) faith and worship (ii) health behavior, (iii) environment, (iv) social, (v) genetic, and (vi) health services. The conclusion from the research showed that the most important determinants of health in Islam is faith and worship, also supported by other determinants such as behavior, environment, social, genetics and health services. The balance of all health determinants will create spiritual health that will support the achievement of mental, physical and social health.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v2i1.5865
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