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Scoping Review: Pengaruh Paparan Debu Kayu terhadap Fungsi Paru Pekerja Pengolahan Kayu
Abstract
Lapangan pekerjaan industri pengolahan, pertambangan, dan pertanian memiliki masalah kesehatan tertinggi di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah industri pengolahan kayu yang memiliki proses kegiatan penggergajian dan pengamplasan yang dapat menghasilkan debu kayu. Debu kayu mengandung selulosa, poliosa, dan lignin yang dapat terhirup, mengendap, kemudian dianggap benda asing oleh sistem pernapasan sehingga dapat menimbulkan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh paparan debu kayu terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pekerja pengolahan kayu. Metode penelitian ini adalah scoping review dengan mencari artikel yang dipublikasi tahun 2010–2020 pada database ProQuest dan Google Scholar. Sampel penelitian ini berupa artikel penelitian jurnal internasional yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, eksklusi, dan uji kelayakan berdasar atas PICOS berjumlah empat artikel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan uji fungsi respirasi mengalami penurunan signifikan pada nilai parameter volume ekspirasi paksa dalam satu detik (VEP1) pekerja pengolahan kayu dibanding dengan kontrol. Kapasitas vital paksa (KVP) tidak selalu menurun secara signifikan. Rasio VEP1/KVP dominan mengalami penurunan yang signifikan. Jenis obstruktif lebih sering pada pekerja pengolahan kayu dibanding dengan restriktif. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah paparan debu kayu dapat menurunkan fungsi paru. Mekanisme yang terjadi, yaitu debu kayu mengendap dalam saluran pernapasan sehingga menyebabkan penyempitan aliran udara serta menimbulkan iritasi dan inflamasi. Konsentrasi debu kayu dan masa kerja dapat memengaruhi penurunan fungsi paru.
SCOPING REVIEW: THE EFFECT OF WOOD DUST EXPOSURE ON LUNG FUNCTION OF WOOD PROCESSING WORKERS
Employment in the processing industry, mining, and agriculture have the highest health problems in Indonesia. One of them is wood processing which has sawing and sanding activities that can produce wood dust. Wood dust contains cellulose, polyose, and lignin which can be inhaled, precipitated, and recognized as foreign bodies by the respiratory system can cause disease. This study was to analyze the effect of wood dust exposure on the respiratory function of wood processing workers. This research method is a scoping review by searching for articles published from 2010–2020 on the ProQuest and Google Scholar databases. The sample in this study was research articles in international journals that qualify the inclusion, exclusion, and feasibility test criteria based on PICOS were four articles. The results of this study showed that the respiratory function test experienced a significant decrease in the parameter values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of wood processing workers compared to controls. Forced vital capacity (FVC) does not always decrease significantly. FEV1/FVC is a dominant significant decrease. The obstructive type was more frequent in wood processing workers than restrictive. The conclusion of this study is exposure to wood dust can reduce lung function. The mechanism that occurs is wood dust settles in the respiratory tract, causing narrowing of the airflow, causing irritation and inflammation. Wood dust concentration and tenure can affect lung function decrease.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v3i2.7297
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