Hubungan Kadar HbA1c dengan Glukosuria pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstract
Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan produksi insulin atau akibat ketidakefektifan insulin yang diproduksi. Kekurangan tersebut meningkatkan konsentrasi glukosa yang akan merusak berbagai macam sistem tubuh, salah satunya organ ginjal. Pada DM, glukosa urine dapat ditemukan apabila kadar glukosa darah sudah melebihi threshold ginjal. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan antara kadar HbA1c dan glukosuria pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan proses pendekatan cross-sectional. Data penelitian menggunakan rekam medis pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Al-Ihsan periode Januari–Desember 2019 dengan jumlah subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk eksklusi sebanyak 66 orang yang terdiri atas 24 laki-laki (36%) dan 42 perempuan (64%), rentang usia tertinggi 40–65 tahun sebanyak 45 orang (68%). Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square didapatkan hasil analisis hubungan kadar HbA1c dengan glukosuria dengan nilai p=0,036 dan nilai r=0,243. Berdasar atas hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kadar HbA1c dan glukosuria pada pasien DM dengan korelasi positif lemah. Hal ini tidak semata-mata dapat menjadikan HbA1c menjadi kriteria diagnosis DM karena menurut beberapa penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya, HbA1c dapat meningkat pada penyakit ginjal (nefropati DM), kanker, uremia, dan iskemia serebral. Hal serupa terjadi pada glukosuria yang kejadiannya tidak selalu terjadi pada pasien dengan DM. Oleh karena itu, korelasi positif lemah pada penelitian ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor yang telah disebutkan di atas.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HBA1C LEVELS AND GLUCOSURIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN AL-IHSAN REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL WEST JAVA PROVINCE
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the production of a chronic disease caused by a lack of insulin or the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. This deficiency causes an increase in blood glucose concentrations, which will damage various body systems, one of which is the kidneys. In people with DM, urine sugar can be found that blood glucose levels have exceeded the kidney threshold. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between HbA1c levels and glucosuria in type 2 DM patients. This study used an observational analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The research data used the medical records of type 2 DM patients at Al-Ihsan Regional General Hospital during January–December 2019 with 66 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, consisting of 24 men (36%) and 42 women (64%), the age range was between 40–65 years as many as 45 people (68%). Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test resulted in the analysis of the relationship between HbA1c levels and glucosuria with a p value of 0.036 and an r value of 0.243. Based on the results of the study, it was abbreviated that there was a relationship between HbA1c levels and glucosuria in DM patients with a low positive correlation. Nevertheless, HbA1c cannot be defined as the only criteria for DM diagnostic because, according to other studies, HbA1c can also increase in kidney disease (DM nephropathy), cancers, uremic, and cerebral ischemia. The same things happened to glycosuria which not only appears on DM patients. Therefore, the low positive correlations in this study might be happening because of those factors.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v3i2.7326
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