Scoping Review: Pengaruh Bensin terhadap Peningkatan Kadar LDL pada Plasma Darah Tikus
Abstract
Konsumsi bensin sejak tahun 2000 sampai 2014 meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor setiap tahun. Bensin memiliki dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan berupa polusi dan terhadap kesehatan seperti gangguan paru, ginjal, penyakit kulit, serta perubahan profil lipid berupa peningkatan kadar low-density lipoprotein (LDL) yang dapat meningkatkan angka kejadian penyakit jantung koroner dan sindrom metabolik. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh paparan bensin terhadap kadar LDL pada plasma darah manusia yang dimulai dengan kajian terhadap hewan coba. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif dengan prosedur scoping review dengan cara mengidentifikasi, menganalisis dan mengevaluasi karya ilmiah sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta diskrining menggunakan kriteria kelayakan (Eligibility criteria). Hasil penelitian didapatkan sepuluh artikel dari jumlah awal 10.486 artikel yang ditemukan dari kata kunci. Sepuluh artikel yang sesuai dengan PICO (Population: tikus; Intervention: bensin, lead atau benzene; Comparison: tikus yang tidak dipaparkan bensin, lead atau benzene; Outcome: kadar LDL pada plasma darah) menunjukkan peningkatan kadar LDL plasma pada kelompok tikus yang diberi paparan bensin, timbal atau benzena daripada kelompok kontrol. Hal tersebut diakibatkan stres oksidatif dari induksi lead atau benzene yang menekan aktivitas antioksidan dan meningkatkan reactive oxygen species di tubuh sehingga terjadi cidera hepar dan metabolisme lipoproteinpun terganggu. Pada akhirnya bensin yang memiliki komponen benzene atau lead mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar LDL plasma. Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat pengaruh bensin terhadap kadar LDL pada plasma darah tikus dan beberapa komponen bensin yang berperan, yaitu timbal dan benzena.
Scoping Review: Effect of Gasoline on Increasing Blood Plasma LDL Levels in Rats
Gasoline consumption from 2000 to 2014 increased along with the increase in the number of motorized vehicles each year. Gasoline harms the environment in the form of pollution and on the health of lung, kidney, skin diseases, and changes in the lipid profile in the form of increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) which can increase the incidence of coronary and metabolic heart disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of gasoline exposure on LDL levels in human blood plasma starting with a study of experimental animals. The research method used is descriptive with a scoping review procedure by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating scientific papers according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and screening using eligibility criteria. The research results obtained ten articles from the initial number of 10,486 articles found from keywords. Ten PICO-compliant articles (Population: rats; Intervention: gasoline, lead or benzene; Comparison: rats not exposed to gasoline, lead or benzene; Results: LDL levels in blood plasma) showed increased plasma LDL levels in the group of rats exposed to gasoline, lead or benzene control group. This is due to oxidative stress from lead or benzene induction which suppresses antioxidant activity and increases reactive oxygen species in the body, resulting in liver injury, impaired lipoprotein metabolism. In the end, gasoline which has benzene or lead component causes an increase in plasma LDL levels. This study concludes that there is an effect of gasoline on LDL levels in rat blood plasma, and several components of gasoline that play a role, namely lead and benzene.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v3i1.7382
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