Perbandingan Angka Kejadian Bayi Lahir Kecil Masa Kehamilan pada Periode Pre-pandemi dengan Selama Pandemi COVID-19

Abstract

Abstrak
Pandemi COVID-19 diduga telah mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kondisi kesehatan termasuk indikator bayi kecil masa kehamilan (KMK) akibat gangguan nutrisi ibu hamil selama pandemi tersebut. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan angka kejadian bayi kecil masa kehamilan pada periode pre-pandemi dengan periode pandemi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi analitik observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik selama periode Maret 2018–Februari 2020 (pre-pandemi) dan periode Maret 2020–Juni 2021 (pandemi). Karakteristik subjek meliputi usia ibu, kadar hemoglobin, usia kehamilan, komorbid, berat badan lahir bayi, status bayi hidup atau stillbirth dan APGAR 1 dan 5 menit. Analisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Didapatkan angka kejadian bayi kecil masa kehamilan antara periode pre-pandemi dan periode pandemi sebanyak 454/5.899 (7,7%) dan 196/2.523 (7,8%) dengan p=0,990. Berdasarkan variabel didapatkan perbedaan bermakna nilai APGAR 1 menit dengan hasil APGAR 0-3 (12,6% vs 17,9%), APGAR 4-5 (9,7% vs 11,2%) dan APGAR 6 (26,7% vs 33,7%) dengan p=0,012, dan angka kejadian bayi kecil masa kehamilan stillbirth (0,4% vs 0,8%, p=0,015 dibanding dengan seluruh kelahiran, dan p=0,022 dibanding dengan seluruh kelahiran kecil masa kehamilan). Angka kejadian bayi kecil masa kehamilan antara kedua periode tidak berbeda. Terdapat peningkatan kejadian bayi kecil masa kehamilan stillbirth pada periode pandemi COVID-19 sebanyak 2 kali lipat dan terdapat peningkatan kasus asfiksia berdasarkan nilai APGAR 1 menit.

The Comparison of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Incidence between the Period of Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is suspected to bring a decline in health conditions including indicators for small infants during pregnancy (KMK) due to nutritional disorders of pregnant women during the pandemic. Hence, this research aims to compare the incidence of small for gestational age in the pre-pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic period at dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. This research uses an observational analytical study method with a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the medical records during the period March 2018–February 2020 (pre-pandemi) and the period March 2020–June 2021 (pandemic). Subject characteristics included maternal age, hemoglobin level, gestational age, comorbidities, infant birth weight, status of live or
stillbirth infants and APGAR 1 and 5 minutes. Analysis using the chi-square. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The incidence of small for gestational age between the two periods 454/5,899 (7.7%) and 196/2,523 (7.8%) with p=0.990. There were significant differences in the 1 minute APGAR value variable with the results of APGAR 0-3 (12.6% vs 17.9%), APGAR 4-5 (9.7% vs 11.2%) and APGAR 6 (26.7% vs 33.7%) with p=0.012, and the incidence of stillbirth small for gestational age (0.4% vs. 0.8%, p=0.015 when compared to all births, and p = 0.022 when compared to all small for gestational age). The incidence between the two periods was not significantly different. There was an increase in the incidence of stillbirth small for gestational age during the
COVID-19 pandemic period by 2 times and there was an increase in asphyxia cases based on the 1 minute APGAR.