The Naturalization Policy in Online News Media

Dian Purworini, Engkus Kuswarno, Purwanti Hadisiwi, Agus Rakhmat

Abstract


Mediation by the government in the Royal Palace of Surakarta’s internal conflict was considered reasonable and appropriate policy by the media. The approach to the conflict did not emphasize a strong cultural aspect of that culture-based organization. This research aimed to examine how online news media reported on the Royal Palace of Surakarta’s internal conflict. Furthermore, this research used framing analysis as proposed by Stephen D Reese to analyze the news published in February 2014. The outcome indicated that there was framing construction of the government policies. The content of the news presented that framing processes occurred. Those started from the transmission of the various debated about government policy, then reinforced through elections sentence that supported certain policy and continued to the naturalization process. The final process was an important strategy to make mediation as an accepted policy that should be done by the government. In the conclusion, the perception to be formed was that government policies were appropriate, and so everyone should hold it. The conflict resolution could be achieved through the mediation as already conducted.


Keywords


conflict, framing, government policy, online news media

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References


References

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Austin, L. & Jin, Y., 2015. Approaching Ethical Crisis Communication with Accuracy and Sensitivity: Approaching Ethical Crisis Communication with Accuracy and Sensitivity: Exploring Common Ground and Gaps between Journalism and Public Relations. Public Relations Journal, 9(1), pp.1–26.

Barnes, M.D. et al., 2008. Analysis of Media Agenda Setting During and After Hurricane Katrina : Implications for Emergency Preparedness , Disaster Response , and Disaster Policy. American Journal of Public Health, 98(4), pp.604–610.

Brüggemann, M., 2014. Between Frame Setting and Frame Sending How Journalists Contribute to News Frames Final accepted manuscript published in Communication Theory. Communication Theory, 24(2014), pp.61–82.

Carter, M.J., 2013. The Hermeneutics of Frames and Framing: An Examination of the Media’s Construction of Reality. SAGE Open, 3(2), pp.1–12. Available at: http://sgo.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/2158244013487915.

Coombs, W.T. et al., 2010. Why a concern for apologia and crisis communication? Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15(4), pp.337–349.

Eisenberg, Eric M ; Goodall Jr, H.L; Trethewey, A., 2010. Organizational Communication : Balancing Creativity and Constraint, Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

Entman, R.M., 1993. Framing : Toward Clarification of A Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), pp.51–58.

Floss, D. & Marcinkowski, F., 2008. Do Media News Frames Reflect a Nation ’ s Political Culture ?,

Gamson, W. a et al., 1992. Media Images and the Social. Review Literature And Arts Of The Americas, 18, pp.373–393.

Van Gorp, B., 2007. The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of Communication, 57(1), pp.60–78.

Hallahan, K., 1999. Seven Models of Framing : Implications for Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11(3), pp.205–242.

Jeong, J., 2015. Enhancing organizational survivability in a crisis: Perceived organizational crisis responsibility, stance, and strategy. Sustainability, 7(9), pp.11532–11545.

Jin, Y., Liu, B.F. & Austin, L.L., 2014. Examining the Role of Social Media in Effective Crisis Management : The Effects of Crisis Origin , Information Form , and Source on Publics ’ Crisis Responses.

Jin, Y., Liu, B.F. & Austin, L.L., 2011. Examining the Role of Social Media in Effective Crisis Management: The Effects of Crisis Origin, Information Form, and Source on Publics’ Crisis Responses. Communication Research, 41(1), pp.74–94. Available at: http://crx.sagepub.com/content/41/1/74.abstract.

Macnamara, J., 2005. Media Content Analysis: Its Uses; Benefits and Best Practice Methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 6(1), pp.1–34. Available at: http://amecorg.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Media-Content-Analysis-Paper.pdf.

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Nelson, T.E., Clawson, R. a. & Oxley, Z.M., 1997. Media Framing of a Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance. American Political Science Review, 91(3), pp.567–583. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2952075.

Nurlimah, N., 2011. Konflik Politik Capres SBY, JK, dan Megawati di Media Massa. Mimbar, XXVII(1), pp.1–10.

Pang, A., 2012. Towards a crisis pre-emptive image management model. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(3), pp.358–378.

Paterson, C. & Nothias, T., 2016. Representation of China and the United States in Africa in Online Global News. Communication, Culture & Critique, 9(1), pp.107–125. Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/cccr.12133.

Perez de Fransius, M., 2014. Peace journalism case study: US media coverage of the Iraq War. Journalism, 15(1), pp.72–88. Available at: http://jou.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1464884912470313.

Putnam, L. & Shoemaker, M., 2007. Changes in conflict framing in the news coverage of an environmental conflict. Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2007(1), pp.167–175. Available at: http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jdisres2007&section=12.

Reese, S.. & Buckalew, B., 1995. The militarism of local television: The routine framing of the Persian Gulf War. Critical studies in mass communication, 12(1), pp.40–59. Available at: http://www.lib.utexas.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=9351008&site=ehost-livenhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15295039509366918.

Reese, S.D., 2001. Prologue—Framing Public Life: A Bridging Model for Media Research. In S. Reese, O. Gandy, & A. Gran, eds. Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 7–31.

Reese, S.D., 2007. The framing project: A bridging model for media research revisited. Journal of Communication, 57(1), pp.148–154.

Reese, S.D. & Lewis, S.C., 2009. Framing the War on Terror: The internalization of policy in the US press. Journalism, 10(6), pp.777–797.

Rispens, S., Jonsen, K. & Greer, L., 2013. Conflict contagion: a temporal perspective on the development of conflict within teams. International Journal of Conflict Management, 24(4), pp.352–373. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-05-2011-0039.

Romenti, S. & Valentini, C., 2010. Alitalia ’ s crisis in the media – a situational analysis. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15(4), pp.380–396.

Seeger, T.L. & Sellnow, M.W., 2013. Theorizing Crisis Communication, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Semetko, H. a. & Valkenburg, P.M., 2000. Framing European Politics. A Content Analysis of Press and Televison News. Journal of Communication, 50(September 1998), pp.93–1009.

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Strömbäck, J. & Dimitrova, D. V., 2011. Mediatization and Media Interventionism: A Comparative Analysis of Sweden and the United States. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(1), pp.30–49. Available at: http://hij.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1940161210379504.

Vreese, C.H. De, 2005. Claes H . de Vreese News framing : Theory and typology. Information Design Journal + Document Design, 13(1), pp.51–62.

Yanovitzky, I., 2002. Effects of News Coverage on Policy Attention and Actions: A Closer Look Into the Media-Policy Connection. Communication Research, 29(4), pp.422–451.

An, S.K. & Gower, K.K., 2009. How do the news media frame crises? A content analysis of crisis news coverage. Public Relations Review, 35(2), pp.107–112.

Austin, L. & Jin, Y., 2015. Approaching Ethical Crisis Communication with Accuracy and Sensitivity: Approaching Ethical Crisis Communication with Accuracy and Sensitivity: Exploring Common Ground and Gaps between Journalism and Public Relations. Public Relations Journal, 9(1), pp.1–26.

Barnes, M.D. et al., 2008. Analysis of Media Agenda Setting During and After Hurricane Katrina : Implications for Emergency Preparedness , Disaster Response , and Disaster Policy. American Journal of Public Health, 98(4), pp.604–610.

Brüggemann, M., 2014. Between Frame Setting and Frame Sending How Journalists Contribute to News Frames Final accepted manuscript published in Communication Theory. Communication Theory, 24(2014), pp.61–82.

Carter, M.J., 2013. The Hermeneutics of Frames and Framing: An Examination of the Media’s Construction of Reality. SAGE Open, 3(2), pp.1–12. Available at: http://sgo.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/2158244013487915.

Coombs, W.T. et al., 2010. Why a concern for apologia and crisis communication? Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15(4), pp.337–349.

Eisenberg, Eric M ; Goodall Jr, H.L; Trethewey, A., 2010. Organizational Communication : Balancing Creativity and Constraint, Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

Entman, R.M., 1993. Framing : Toward Clarification of A Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), pp.51–58.

Floss, D. & Marcinkowski, F., 2008. Do Media News Frames Reflect a Nation ’ s Political Culture ?,

Gamson, W. a et al., 1992. Media Images and the Social. Review Literature And Arts Of The Americas, 18, pp.373–393.

Van Gorp, B., 2007. The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of Communication, 57(1), pp.60–78.

Hallahan, K., 1999. Seven Models of Framing : Implications for Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11(3), pp.205–242.

Jeong, J., 2015. Enhancing organizational survivability in a crisis: Perceived organizational crisis responsibility, stance, and strategy. Sustainability, 7(9), pp.11532–11545.

Jin, Y., Liu, B.F. & Austin, L.L., 2014. Examining the Role of Social Media in Effective Crisis Management : The Effects of Crisis Origin , Information Form , and Source on Publics ’ Crisis Responses.

Jin, Y., Liu, B.F. & Austin, L.L., 2011. Examining the Role of Social Media in Effective Crisis Management: The Effects of Crisis Origin, Information Form, and Source on Publics’ Crisis Responses. Communication Research, 41(1), pp.74–94. Available at: http://crx.sagepub.com/content/41/1/74.abstract.

Macnamara, J., 2005. Media Content Analysis: Its Uses; Benefits and Best Practice Methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 6(1), pp.1–34. Available at: http://amecorg.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Media-Content-Analysis-Paper.pdf.

Mangundjaya, W.L., 2013. Is there cultural change in the national cultures of indonesia. In R. Kashima, Yoshihisa; Kashima, Emiko S; Beatson, ed. Steering the cultural dynamics. Melbourne: International Association for Cross Cultural Psychology, pp. 59– 68. Available at: https://ssl.lu.usi.ch/entityws/Allegati/pdf_pub4928_3.pdf#page=173.

Matthes, J., 2009. What ’ S in a Frame ? a Content Analysis of Media Framing Studies in the ... What’s in a frame? a content analysis of media framing studies in the world's leading communication journals, 1990-2005, 86(2), pp.349–367.

Melin, M.M., 2015. Escalation in International Conflict Management: A Foreign Policy Perspective. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 32(1), pp.28–49. Available at: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1700656629?accountid=17215nhttp://limo.libis.be/resolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&sid=ProQ:ProQ:econlitshell&atitle=Escalation+in+International+Conflict+Management:+A.

Muktiyo, W., 2015. Komodifikasi Budaya Dalam Konstruksi Realitas Media Massa. Mimbar, 31(1), pp.113–122.

Munshi, D. et al., 2014. “Shadow publics” in the news coverage of socio-political issues. Journalism, 15(1), pp.89–108. Available at: http://jou.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/1/89.

Nelson, T.E., Clawson, R. a. & Oxley, Z.M., 1997. Media Framing of a Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance. American Political Science Review, 91(3), pp.567–583. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2952075.

Nurlimah, N., 2011. Konflik Politik Capres SBY, JK, dan Megawati di Media Massa. Mimbar, XXVII(1), pp.1–10.

Pang, A., 2012. Towards a crisis pre-emptive image management model. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(3), pp.358–378.

Paterson, C. & Nothias, T., 2016. Representation of China and the United States in Africa in Online Global News. Communication, Culture & Critique, 9(1), pp.107–125. Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/cccr.12133.

Perez de Fransius, M., 2014. Peace journalism case study: US media coverage of the Iraq War. Journalism, 15(1), pp.72–88. Available at: http://jou.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1464884912470313.

Putnam, L. & Shoemaker, M., 2007. Changes in conflict framing in the news coverage of an environmental conflict. Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2007(1), pp.167–175. Available at: http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jdisres2007&section=12.

Reese, S.. & Buckalew, B., 1995. The militarism of local television: The routine framing of the Persian Gulf War. Critical studies in mass communication, 12(1), pp.40–59. Available at: http://www.lib.utexas.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=9351008&site=ehost-livenhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15295039509366918.

Reese, S.D., 2001. Prologue—Framing Public Life: A Bridging Model for Media Research. In S. Reese, O. Gandy, & A. Gran, eds. Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 7–31.

Reese, S.D., 2007. The framing project: A bridging model for media research revisited. Journal of Communication, 57(1), pp.148–154.

Reese, S.D. & Lewis, S.C., 2009. Framing the War on Terror: The internalization of policy in the US press. Journalism, 10(6), pp.777–797.

Rispens, S., Jonsen, K. & Greer, L., 2013. Conflict contagion: a temporal perspective on the development of conflict within teams. International Journal of Conflict Management, 24(4), pp.352–373. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-05-2011-0039.

Romenti, S. & Valentini, C., 2010. Alitalia ’ s crisis in the media – a situational analysis. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15(4), pp.380–396.

Seeger, T.L. & Sellnow, M.W., 2013. Theorizing Crisis Communication, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Semetko, H. a. & Valkenburg, P.M., 2000. Framing European Politics. A Content Analysis of Press and Televison News. Journal of Communication, 50(September 1998), pp.93–1009.

Solopos, 2014a. KONFIK KERATON SOLO : Wali Kota Rudy Berharap Mediasi SBY Buahkan Hasil. 24 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/24/konfik-keraton-solo-wali-kota-rudy-berharap-mediasi-sby-buahkan-hasil-491754 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

Solopos, KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : “ Aneh , Masalah Keraton Kok Diurusi Menpora .” 22 Februari 2014. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/22/konflik-keraton-solo-aneh-masalah-keraton-kok-diurusi-menpora-491620 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

SoloPos, 2014. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : “ Tak Ada Rekonsiliasi , Roy Suryo Cuma Bicara Mobil .” 23 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/23/konflik-keraton-solo-tak-ada-rekonsiliasi-roy-suryo-cuma-bicara-mobil-491663 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

Solopos, 2014b. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : Beginilah Proses Kemunculan Roy Suryo Sebagai Mediator Konflik Keraton. 22 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/22/konflik-keraton-solo-beginilah-proses-kemunculan-roy-suryo-sebagai-mediator-konflik-keraton-491626 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

Solopos, 2014c. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : Ketua DPRD Tuding SBY Bikin Konflik Keraton Berkepanjangan. 24 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/24/konflik-keraton-solo-ketua-dprd-tuding-sby-bikin-konflik-keraton-berkepanjangan-492017 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

Solopos, 2014d. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : PB XIII Bertemu SBY , Otoritas Keraton Surakarta segera Kembali Tegak. 22 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/22/konflik-keraton-solo-pb-xiii-bertemu-sby-otoritas-keraton-surakarta-segera-kembali-tegak-491609 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

Solopos, 2014e. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : PB XIII Curhat ke Presiden , SBY Siap Bantu. 23 Februari. Available at: http://m.solopos.com/2014/02/23/konflik-keraton-solo-pb-xiii-curhat-ke-presiden-sby-siap-bantu-491708 [Accessed December 10, 2016].

Solopos, 2014f. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : Pemerintah Dukung PB XIII , SBY Temui Minggu. 22 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/22/konflik-keraton-solo-pemerintah-dukung-pb-xiii-sby-temui-minggu-491407 [Accessed December 10, 2016].

Solopos, 2014g. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : Roy Suryo : Keterlibatan Pemerintah Tak Ada Muatan Politis Roy Suryo : Keterlibatan Pemerintah Tak Ada Muatan Politis. 23 Februari. Available at: http://m.solopos.com/2014/02/25/konflik-keraton-solo-roy-suryo-keterlibatan-pemerintah-tak-ada-muatan-politis-492144 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

Solopos, 2014h. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : Roy Suryo Klaim Eddy dan Mbak Moeng Dukung Pertemuan PB XIII ­ SBY. 22 Februari 2014. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/22/konflik-keraton-solo-roy-suryo-klaim-eddy-dan-mbak-moeng-dukung-pertemuan-pb-xiii-sby-491408 [Accessed December 10, 2014].

Solopos, 2014i. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : Roy Suryo Mediasi Keraton dan Pemkot. 15 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/15/konflik-keraton-roy-suryo-mediasi-keraton-dan-pemkot-489858 [Accessed January 10, 2016].

Solopos, 2014j. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : SBY Dinilai Sekadar Penuhi Panggilan Mitos Sejarah. 25 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/25/konflik-keraton-solo-sby-dinilai-sekadar-penuhi-panggilan-mitos-sejarah-492021 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

Solopos, 2014k. KONFLIK KERATON SOLO : Seusai Berdoa di Sangga Seusai Berdoa di Sangga Buana , Roy Suryo Disambut Bunga. 17 Februari. Available at: http://www.solopos.com/2014/02/17/konflik-keraton-solo-seusai-berdoa-di-sangga-buana-roy-suryo-disambut-bunga-wijaya-kusuma-490330 [Accessed December 10, 2015].

Strömbäck, J. & Dimitrova, D. V., 2011. Mediatization and Media Interventionism: A Comparative Analysis of Sweden and the United States. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(1), pp.30–49. Available at: http://hij.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1940161210379504.

Vreese, C.H. De, 2005. Claes H . de Vreese News framing : Theory and typology. Information Design Journal + Document Design, 13(1), pp.51–62.

Yanovitzky, I., 2002. Effects of News Coverage on Policy Attention and Actions: A Closer Look Into the Media-Policy Connection. Communication Research, 29(4), pp.422–451.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v32i2.1931

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