Vocational Training as a Form of Punishment for Juvenile Offenders: A Theoretical and Practical Perspective

Abstract

The juvenile offenders’ sanction who involved in aggravated theft is not only as a punishment but incorporate rehabilitation as stipulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and Articles 363 and 51 of the Indonesian Penal Code. This resear The increasing number of juvenile offenders in Indonesia, particularly those involved in aggravated theft, has raised concerns about the effectiveness of traditional punitive measures. The Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA Law) introduces alternative sanctions, including mandatory vocational training, aimed at rehabilitation and social reintegration. This article examines the justification of vocational training as a criminal sanction for juvenile offenders through various punishment theories, including absolute, relative, and combined theories. It also evaluates the practical challenges faced in implementing this sanction, such as inadequate facilities and mismatched training programs. The purpose of this study is to assess the alignment of vocational training with criminal theories and its effectiveness in preventing recidivism. Using a normative and empirical juridical approach, this research analyzes relevant regulations and conducts interviews with legal practitioners and correctional officers. The findings suggest that while vocational training is a promising alternative to incarceration, its implementation is hindered by insufficient infrastructure, lack of relevant programs, and inadequate mentoring. To improve its effectiveness, the study recommends better coordination among agencies, improved facilities, and the development of training programs tailored to the individual needs of juvenile offenders.ch findings that the sanction aligns with the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law and sentencing theories. The effectiveness of sentencing promotes a restorative approach but often hindered by inadequate facilities and programs. Improved coordination and support are needed to ensure effectivity and reduce the risk of juvenile recidivism.