Penerimaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 dengan Metode Pendekatan Health Belief Model di Kabupaten Batang Hari

Syafrianto Syafrianto, Hamzah Hasyim, Haerawati Haerawati

Abstract


Abstrak
Berbagai negara dari seluruh dunia telah berkomitmen bersama dengan melibatkan pemerintah, perusahaan bioteknologi, ilmuwan, dan akademisi untuk menciptakan vaksin COVID-19. Persentase penerimaan vaksin yang rendah pada masyarakat Kabupaten Batanghari tidak terlepas dari faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi, salah satunya dapat disebabkan oleh persepsi masyarakat itu sendiri. Persepsi individu dalam memilih untuk melakukan sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan kesehatannya dikaji dalam teori Health Belief Model (HBM). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan kajian berupa analisis menggunakan pendekatan Health Belief Model terhadap penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19 di Kabupaten Batang Hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode pendekatan Health Belief Model melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian berada di tiga puskesmas yaitu Puskesmas Muara Bulian, Puskesmas Pasar Terusan, dan Puskesmas Batin pada 25 April sampai 25 Mei 2022. Jumlah informan terdapat 15 orang terdiri dari kepala puskesmas, petugas keseahatan, lansia, petugas publik dan masyarakat umum penerima vaksin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan health belief model masyarakat dalam penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 bisa dibedakan menjadi 3, yaitu: meyakini bahwa virus COVID-19 tersebut berbahaya, sekaligus ada anjuran dari pihak berwenang untuk melakukan vaksin sehingga memutuskan untuk bersedia divaksin; meyakini bahwa virus COVID-19 tersebut tidak berbahaya, dapat sembuh berdasarkan peningkatan imun sehingga menolak untuk melakukan vaksin; merasa bahwa dirinya kurang sehat sehingga takut melakukan vaksinasi. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penerapan health belief model masyarakat dalam melakukan vaksin COVID-19 di antaranya, rasa takut, cemas, dan khawatir terkait efek samping vaksin.


Covid-19 Vaccination Acceptance with Approach Method Health Belief Model in Batang Hari District

Abstract
Various countries worldwide have committed together by involving governments, biotechnology companies, scientists, and academics to create a COVID-19 vaccine. However, the low percentage of vaccine reception in the Batanghari Regency community cannot be separated from the existence of influencing factors, one of which can be caused by the perception of the community itself. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate using the Health Belief Model approach to accept COVID-19 vaccination in Batang Hari Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design using the Health Belief Model method through interviews and documentation. The research locations are in three health centers, Muara Bulian Health Center, Pasar Terusan Health Center, and Batin Health Center, from April to May 2022. The number of informants is 15 people consisting of the head of the puskesmas, health workers, the elderly, public officers, and the general public who receive vaccines. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that implementing the community's health belief model in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine can be divided into three aspects. First, believing that the COVID-19 virus is dangerous, at the same time, there is a recommendation from the authorities to vaccinate, so he decided to be vaccinated. Believing that the COVID-19 virus is not dangerous and can be cured based on increased immunity, thus refuse to vaccinate. Third, they were feeling unwell, so they were afraid to vaccinate. The factors that influence the application of the community's health belief model in carrying out the COVID-19 vaccine include fear, anxiety, and worry about vaccine side effects.


Keywords


Covid-19; health belief model; vaksin; health belief model; vaccine

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v4i2.10040

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