Review Article: Karakteristik Terbaik Nanopartikel Emas Hasil Green Synthesis Menggunakan Ekstrak Tumbuhan sebagai Bioreduktor

Sepiyani Ayu Lestari, Yumareta Anggun Nihan, Welly Windari, Isyana Salsabila

Abstract


Abstrak
Pendekatan nanopartikel dengan menggunakan prinsip Green synthesis semakin diminati dan menjadi alternatif dari metode kimia dan fisika karena menggunakan bahan alami yang aman, ramah lingkungan, bebas polusi, tidak toksik, hemat biaya, dan lebih berkelanjutan. Selain itu, nanopartikel yang diproduksi menggunakan metode green chemistry relatif lebih aman dan stabil apabila dibanding dengan nanopartikel yang diproduksi dengan menggunakan metode konvensional. Bahan utama yang digunakan sebagai zat pereduksi dan penstabil dalam proses sintesis nanopartikel emas adalah ekstrak dari berbagai seperti alga dan beberapa mikroorganisme (bakteri, jamur, dan ragi). Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan karakteristik terbaik nanopartikel emas menggunakan metode green synthesis dengan berbagai ekstrak tumbuhan sebagai bioreduktor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan literature review dengan mengumpulkan beberapa hasil penelitian, yaitu berupa artikel yang kredibel serta lengkap yang digunakan dalam penelusuran literatur seperti Google Scholar dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Emas, Nanopartikel Emas, Green Synthesis, dan Ekstrak Tumbuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan ekstrak tumbuhan sebagai agen pereduksi sekaligus penstabil pada sintesis nanopartikel emas telah berhasil dilakukan dengan ditunjukkan karakteristik yang baik dan memenuhi standar dari hasil nanopartikel emas karena ada komponen fitokimia yang terkandung di dalam ekstrak tumbuhan, salah satunya adalah gugus hidroksil (−OH) yang berasal dari senyawa fenolik.

The Best Characteristics of Gold Nanoparticles Resulting from Green Synthesis Using Plant Extracts as Bioreductants

Abstract
The approach of nanoparticles using the principles of Green synthesis is increasingly in demand. It is an alternative to chemical and physical methods because it uses natural materials that are safe, environmentally friendly, pollution-free, non-toxic, cost-effective, and more sustainable. In addition, nanoparticles produced using green chemistry methods are relatively safer and more stable than nanoparticles produced using conventional methods. The primary materials used as reducing agents and stabilizers in the synthesis process of gold nanoparticles are extracts from various plants, such as algae and some microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeast). This study aims to compare the best characteristics of gold nanoparticles using the green synthesis method with various plant extracts as bioreductors. This research uses the literature review method by collecting several research results, namely in the form of credible and complete articles used in literature searches such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect with keywords Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis, and Plant Extracts. The results showed that the use of plant extracts as reducing agents as well as stabilizers in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles had been successfully carried out with good characteristics and meeting the standards of gold nanoparticle results due to the phytochemical components contained in plant extracts, one of which is the hydroxyl group (-OH) derived from phenolic compounds.


Keywords


Ekstrak tumbuhan; green synthesis; karakterisasi nanopartikel emas; nanopartikel emas; Characterization of gold nanoparticles; gold nanoparticles; green synthesis; plant extracts

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v6i2.13727

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