Scoping review: Identifikasi Kandungan Minyak Atsiri pada Beberapa Jenis Tumbuhan yang Berpotensi sebagai Repelan terhadap Nyamuk

Isyana Salsabila, Sepiyani Ayu Lestari, Yumareta Anggun Nihan, Welly Windari, Alfina Oktavianti

Abstract


Abstrak
Nyamuk adalah vektor yang membawa berbagai patogen penyebab penyakit seperti malaria, demam kuning, dan demam berdarah. Penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah dengue juga terjadi secara luas. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan penolak nyamuk yang efektif sangat penting. Salah satu alternatif yang digunakan adalah minyak atsiri dari berbagai jenis tumbuhan yang memiliki aktivitas antinyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kandungan minyak atsiri pada berbagai jenis tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai pengusir nyamuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode scoping review terhadap artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2019–2024 berasal dari penelusuran data base Google Scholar dan Pubmed dengan kata kunci ”kandungan minyak atsiri penolak nyamuk”, ”aktivitas repelan minyak atsiri”, ”repellent essential oil” dan ”repellent mosquito essential oil”. PICOS pada penelitian ini, yaitu Population (populasi yang berpotensi dan terinfeksi penyakit demam berdarah dengue), Intervention (penggunaan repelan minyak atsiri dari tumbuhan yang memiliki aktivitas pengusir nyamuk), Comparation (pemberian kontrol repelan sintetik DEET), Outcome (minyak atsiri dari berbagai jenis tumbuhan dengan aktivitas penolak nyamuk dapat memberikan perlindungan terhadap gigitan nyamuk tanpa menimbulkan reaksi alergi), dan Study (eksperimental murni laboratorium). Hasil scoping review diperoleh 7 jurnal terpilih, menunjukkan bahwa tanaman Illicium verum, Moringa oleifera L., Mentha arvensis L., Eucalyptus globulus, Syzygium aromaticum, Carpesium abrotanoides, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, dan Leucas stachydiformis (Hochst.ex Benth.) memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri yang bersifat sebagai penolak nyamuk dengan konstituen senyawa seperti 1,8-cineol, linalool, mentol, caryophyllene, dan 2-heksanoylfuran. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi penting untuk mengembangkan penolak nyamuk alami yang efektif sebagai alternatif pengganti repelan sintetik.

Scoping Review: Identification of Essential Oil Content in Several Types of Plants that are Potentially Repellent Against Mosquitoes

Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors that carry various pathogens that cause diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever. The spread of dengue-hemorrhagic fever is also widespread. Therefore, the development of effective mosquito repellents is essential. One alternative is essential oils from various plants that have anti-mosquito activity. This research aims to identify the essential oil content of various types of plants that have the potential to act as mosquito repellents. This research uses a scoping review method on scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024 originating from Google Scholar and Pubmed database searches with the keywords "mosquito repellent essential oil content," "essential oil repellent activity," "repellent essential oil" and "repellent essential oil." PICOS in this study is population (potential population infected with dengue hemorrhagic fever), Intervention (use of essential oil repellants from plants that have mosquito repellent activity), Comparison (administration of DEET synthetic repellent control), Outcome (essential oils from various types of plants with mosquito repellent activity can provide protection against mosquito bites without causing allergic reactions), and study (purely laboratory experimental). The results of the scoping review obtained from 7 selected journals showed that the plants Illicium verum, Moringa oleifera L., Mentha arvensis L., Eucalyptus globulus, Syzygium aromaticum, Carpesium abrotanoides, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt and Leucas stachydiformis (Hochst. ex Benth.) contain essential oils that act as mosquito repellents with compound constituents such as 1,8-cineol, linalool, menthol, caryophyllene, and 2-hexanoylfuran. This research provides essential information for developing effective natural mosquito repellents as an alternative to synthetic repellants.


Keywords


Minyak atsiri; nyamuk; repelan; senyawa kimia; tumbuhan; Chemical compounds; essential oils; mosquitoes; plants; repellents

References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v6i2.13754

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