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Review Artikel: Tinjauan Aktivitas Inhibitor Alfa-Glukosidase dari Tanaman Obat Indonesia sebagai Obat Antidiabetes
Abstract
Abstrak
Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu tantangan kesehatan global yang signifikan dan menduduki peringkat ketiga penyebab kematian di seluruh dunia. Penyakit kardiovaskular, kerusakan ginjal, dan neuropati merupakan penyebab utama angka kematian tinggi pada penderita diabetes. Enzim α-glukosidase di usus halus bertanggung jawab untuk hidrolisis karbohidrat rantai panjang yang menyebabkan hiperglikemia. Penghambatan α-glukosidase muncul sebagai target terapi penting untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan menyajikan basis data aktivitas α-glukosidase dari tanaman obat di Indonesia sebagai penghambatan enzim antidiabetes. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur dari artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020 hingga tahun 2024. Sebanyak 258 artikel ilmiah yang diperoleh disaring kembali dan didapatkan sebanyak 19 artikel sebagai sumber utama serta 5 artikel sebagai sumber data tambahan yang membahas aktivitas inhibitor α-glukosidase dari tanaman obat Indonesia. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 23 tanaman obat Indonesia yang memiliki potensi aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase. Dari 23 tanaman, 15 tanaman menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan yang cukup kuat dibandingkan dengan kontrol uji yaitu acarbose dan quercetin, antara lain secang, kersen, kelor, mengkudu, temu mangga, jamblang, ciplukan, mahkota dewa, pucuk merah, meniran, brotowali, pohon karang gabus, lidah buaya, manggis, dan binahong.
Review Article: Activity of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Indonesian Medicinal Plants as Antidiabetes Drugs
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global health challenge and is ranked as the third cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and neuropathy are the leading causes of high death rates in people living with diabetes. The α-glucosidase enzyme in the small intestine is responsible for the hydrolysis of long-chain carbohydrates that cause hyperglycemia. Inhibition of α-glucosidase is emerging as an important therapeutic target for lowering blood sugar levels. This review aims to present a database of α-glucosidase activity from medicinal plants in Indonesia as an inhibitor of antidiabetic enzymes. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2024. The 258 scientific articles obtained were filtered again, and 19 articles were obtained as the primary source and five articles as additional data sources discussing the activity of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Indonesian medicinal plants. The review results show 23 Indonesian medicinal plants have potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Of the 23 plants, 15 plants showed quite inhibitory solid activity compared to the test control, namely acarbose and quercetin, including secang, cherry, moringa, noni, temu mango, jamblang, ciplukan, mahkota dewa, red shoots, meniran, brotowali, corky coral tree, aloe vera, mangosteen, and binahong.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v6i2.13759
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