Hubungan Status Imunisasi Dasar terhadap Pneumonia pada Pasien Balita Rawat Inap di RSIA Respati Tasikmalaya

Abstract

Pneumonia adalah penyakit inflamasi pada paru yang merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian anak di dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko pasti pneumonia adalah status imunisasi dasar yang belum lengkap. Imunisasi yang mencegah pneumonia seperti imunisasi Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), Haemophilus influenze tipe B (Hib), Difteri-Pertusis-Tetanus (DPT), dan campak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan status imunisasi dasar <1 tahun dengan pneumonia pada pasien balita rawat inap di RSIA Respati Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol periode Oktober – November 2020. Sampel diambil dengan teknik non-random dengan jenis kuota sampling. Data status imunisasi diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien dan Kartu Menuju Sehat sebagai kontrol. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square­. Hasil penelitian didapatkan seluruh balita tidak pernah mendapatkan imunisasi PCV, 22 dari 30 balita mendapatkan imunisasi Hib lengkap, 25 dari 30 balita mendapatkan imunisasi DPT lengkap, dan 27 dan 30 balita pernah mendapatkan imunisasi campak. Hasil analisis menunjuk hubungan status imunisasi Hib, DPT, dan campak (nilai p=0,000). Balita yang mendapatkan imunisasi Hib, DPT, dan campak lengkap memiliki peluang lebih baik terhindar dari pneumonia dibanding dengan balita yang belum pernah mendapatkan imunisasi. Diharapkan masyarakat mendapat imunisasi Hib, DPT, dan campak lengkap untuk mencegah pneumonia.

Relationship of Basic Immunization Status to Pneumonia in Under-five years Children at RSIA Respati Tasikmalaya

Pneumonia is an inflammatory disease of the lungs, which is one of the primary causes of death in children worldwide. One of the definite risk factors of pneumonia is incomplete immunization status. Immunizations that prevent pneumonia are Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), type B Haemophilus influenze (Hib), Diphteria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT), and measles immunization. This study aimed to determine the relationship between basic immunization status <1-year-old with pneumonia in under-five hospitalized patients at RSIA Respati Tasikmalaya in 2020. This was a case-control study. That conducted in October - November 2020 on 30 hospitalized under-five children at Mother and Child Hospital Respati Tasikmalaya and 30 healthy under-five children as a control group. Samples were taken using a quota sampling technique. Retrieval of immunization status using patient medical records and Maternal and Neonatal Health Book. Data analysis using the chi-square test. The results showed that all children under five had never received PCV immunization, 22 from 30 children received complete Hib immunization, 25 from 30 children received complete DPT immunization, and 27 from 30 children received measles immunization. Chi-square analysis showed that there is a correlation between Hib, DPT, and measles immunization status with pneumonia in under-five children (p-value = 0.000). Under-five children who had received complete Hib, DPT, and measles immunization have a better chance to avoid pneumonia compared to those who had never received immunization. It is hoped that people received complete Hib, DPT, and measles immunization to prevent pneumonia.