Communicative Practices in an American Gamelan Orchestra

Andrew Jocuns

Abstract


Gamelan adalah tradisi musik yang berakar di Indonesia, dipertunjukkan di kepulauan Jawa, Madura, dan Bali dalam upacara-upacara adat dan ritual-ritual agama. Kendati secara tradisional gamelan dimainkan oleh warga pribumi, dengan meningkatnya popularitas budaya etnis Indonesia dalam lingkup internasional, gamelan baru-baru ini dimainkan pula oleh orang-orang asing. Studi berikut ini merupakan etnografi dari proses komunikasi dalam sebuah Orkestra Gamelan Amerika yang mengidentifikasi dua pertanyaan kunci: (1) Bagaimana gamelan dipelajari di luar konteks sosiokultural orisinalnya? (2) Bagaimana pengetahuan tersebar di antara komunitas yang spesifik ini? Melibatkan kurang lebih 30 anggota (pemusik dan penari) dari sebuah kelompok Gamelan Bali, dengan beragam latar belakang etnis, kebangsaan dan latar belakang musik, penelitian ini menyimpulkan adanya empat praktik komunikasi dalam mempelajari gamelan: (1) Vokalisasi (sebagai metode utama instruktur dalam mengajarkan cara memainkan gamelan); (2) Percakapan informal (sebagai bentuk praktik komunikasi yang memungkinkan anggota kelompok berinteraksi dalam percakapan bebas); (3) Metawacana (suatu proses di mana anggota-anggota senior mencapai keputusan manajemen pertunjukan); dan (4) Blessings, semacam upacara keagamaan memohon restu dari Yang Mahakuasa untuk kesuksesan acara. Keempat praktik komunikasi ini tidak sekadar membantu anggota mempelajari musik tradisional, tetapi juga memungkinkan para musisi tersebut menjadi anggota aktif dalam komunitas yang dikerangka oleh batas-batas kultural. Pada akhirnya, praktik komunikasi semacam ini membantu proses penyebaran pengetahuan di antara anggota-anggota kelompok.

Keywords


komunikasi praktis, orkestra

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mediator.v5i1.1103

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