AS, Perang, dan Kebebasan Pers

Awang Ruswandi

Abstract


Perang ternyata telah membawa AS kepada satu situasi yang buruk bagi kebebasan persnya, Meski kebebasan media massa AS dilindungi the First Amendment, namun pada pelaksanaannya di lapangan, praktik- praktik pengingkaran terhadap nilai-nilai kebebasan, tetap saja berlangsung. Kebebasan yang selalu menjadi acuan media, tampaknya tak lagi kebal terhadap tekanan pemerintah. Kebebasan yang kerap didengungkan itu nyatanya tak berkutik ketika berhadapan dengan kasus-kasus yang menyangkut eksistensi pemerintah dan kerahasiaan negara.

Keywords


AS, Perang, Kebebasan Pers

References


Basuki, Wishnu. ]995. Pers dan Penguasa. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.

DeFleur, Melvin & Everett E. Dennis. 1985. Understanding Mass Communication. Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Downing, John, Ali Mohammadi & Annabelle Srebenny-Mohammadi. 1990. Questioning The Media. A Critical Introduction. Newburry Park: Sage Publications.

Dye, Thomas R. & Harmon Zeigler. /971. American Politics in the Media Age. Second Edition.

Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Graber, Doris A. /97/. Mass Media and American Politic. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press.

Hatchen, William A. 1981. The World News Prism. Pember, Don R. /97/. Mass Media in America. Second Edition. Chicago: Science Research Assosiates, Inc

Rivers, William L. Theodore Peterson, & Jay W. Jensen. /97/. The Mass Media and Modern Society. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Siebert, Fred S., Theodore Peterson & Wilbur Schramm. 1963. Four Theories ofThe Press. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. http: / /www. freedo mforu m. org/te mpaltes/document.asp?documentID= 15124

http://www. freedomhouse.org/pfs2000

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mediator.v3i1.741

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