Perbandingan Persepsi dan Perilaku Pencegahan Penularan COVID-19 antara Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung dan Universitas Pattimura Maluku

Abstract

Kasus pneumonia yang menyebabkan banyak kematian di seluruh dunia pertama kali dilaporkan di Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Cina, dinamakan Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dan dinyatakan sebagai pandemi pada 11 Maret 2020. Penularan suatu penyakit dipengaruhi oleh faktor agen (agent), pejamu (host), dan lingkungan (environment). Faktor pejamu seperti pengetahuan, persepsi, dan perilaku merupakan faktor penting dalam mengatasi suatu pandemi. Mahasiswa kedokteran merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rentan terpapar COVID-19 karena sebagian kegiatannya berisiko kontak dengan penderita COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan persepsi dan perilaku pencegahan penularan COVID-19 antara mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung dan Universitas Pattimura Maluku selama bulan September hingga Desember tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan kuesioner berdasarkan Health Belief Model dalam bentuk formulir elektronik. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji nonparametrik chi-square berdasarkan nilai rerata. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam parameter pengetahuan tentang COVID-19 antara mahasiswa tingkat tiga Universitas Islam Bandung dan Universitas Pattimura. Namun, tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna pada persepsi dan perilaku pencegahan penularan COVID-19 dalam hal persepsi kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan, keyakinan diri, dan kemauan untuk bertindak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pengetahuan tentang COVID-19 tidak memengaruhi persepsi dan perilaku pencegahan penularan COVID-19.

Comparison of Perceptions and Behavior of Preventing COVID-19 Transmission between Medical Students of Islamic University of Bandung and Pattimura University Maluku

Abstract
The pneumonia outbreak that caused numerous deaths worldwide was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The transmission of a disease is influenced by agent, host, and environmental factors. Host factors such as knowledge, perception, and behavior are crucial in overcoming a pandemic. Medical students are among the groups most vulnerable to COVID-19 exposure due to their activities that often involve contact with COVID-19 patients. This study aims to compare perceptions and behaviors in preventing COVID-19 transmission between medical students at Bandung Islamic University and Pattimura University, Maluku from September until December 2023. This research uses a cross-sectional design with a health belief model-based questionnaire in electronic form. The data obtained were analyzed using a non-parametric Chi-square test with mean values. There were significant differences in knowledge about COVID-19 between third-year students at Bandung Islamic University and Pattimura University. However, no significant differences were found in perceptions and behaviors regarding COVID-19 prevention regarding perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-confidence, and cues to action. These findings indicate that differences in knowledge about COVID-19 do not affect perceptions and behaviors in preventing its transmission.